--1731:ChangeLog:--
Release<Version<5.6.7RC3> r0 @ 2008-06-07 22:18:46+0200> {
  
  Heads up!
  ~~~~~~~~~
  - Deprecated xml.XML class
    (friebe)
  
  RFCs
  ~~~~
  - Implemented RFC #0166: XP Runners
    (friebe)
  - Implemented RFC #0165: New text.regex package
    (friebe)
  - Implemented RFC #0163: Respect ANSI SQL in rdbms package
    (kiesel)
  - Implemented RFC #0157: Make product, language and session optional
    URL parts
    (kiesel)
  
  Bugfixes
  ~~~~~~~~
  - Made HttpScriptlet::process() rethrow HttpScriptletExceptions as-is,
    while any other exception is wrapped into a HttpScriptletException.
    (friebe).
  - Fixed bug when scriptlet.xml.workflow.casters.ToDate accepted an
    abbreviated date, interpreted it as a time and used the
    current date with given time instead the given date
    (kiesel)
  - Fixed session id initialization in XMLScriptletRequest::initialize()
    (hinckel)
  - Fixed rdbms.Record::set() method
    (Michael Bayer, kiesel)
  
  Features
  ~~~~~~~~
  - Added lang.Process::newInstance() method
    http://news.xp-framework.net/article/258/2008/05/28/New_Process
    (friebe)
  - Added " @ {host}" to rdbms.SQLConnectionClosedException's message
    (friebe)
  - Changed XAR file format (BC-break-free) to be less memory-consuming,
    platform-independent and get rid of original filename junk
    (friebe)
  - Added a parameter "bool append" (defaulting to FALSE) to
    io.streams.FileOutputStream's constructor
    (friebe)
  - Made io.streams.FileInputStream and io.streams.FileOutputStream's
    constructors accept either an io.File or a string with the filename
    (friebe)
  - Added syntactical support in text.doclet.markup API for ordered and
    unordered lists.
    (friebe)
}
--17433:lang.base.php:--
<?php
/* This file provides the core for the XP framework
 * 
 * $Id: lang.base.php 12246 2008-05-27 18:11:31Z friebe $
 */

  // {{{ final class xp
  final class xp {
    const CLASS_FILE_EXT= '.class.php';

    public static $registry  = array(
      'errors'     => array(),
      'sapi'       => array(),
      'class.xp'   => '<xp>',
      'class.null' => '<null>',
    );

    // {{{ public string loadClass0(string name)
    //     Loads a class by its fully qualified name
    function loadClass0($class) {
      if (isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) {
        return substr(array_search($class, xp::$registry), 6);
      }

      $package= NULL;
      foreach (xp::$registry['classpath'] as $path) {

        // If path is a directory and the included file exists, load it
        if (is_dir($path) && file_exists($f= $path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.strtr($class, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT)) {
          if (FALSE === ($r= include($f))) {
            xp::error('Cannot bootstrap class '.$class.' (from file "'.$f.'")');
          }
          
          xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]= 'FileSystemClassLoader://'.$path;
          break;
        } else if (is_file($path) && file_exists($f= 'xar://'.$path.'?'.strtr($class, '.', '/').xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT)) {

          // To to load via bootstrap class loader, if the file cannot provide the class-to-load
          // skip to the next include_path part
          if (FALSE === ($r= include($f))) {
            continue;
          }

          xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]= 'ArchiveClassLoader://'.$path;
          break;
        }
      }
      
      // Verify the requested class could be loaded
      if (!isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) {
        xp::error('Cannot bootstrap class '.$class.' (include_path= '.get_include_path().')');
      }

      // Register class name and call static initializer if available
      $name= ($package ? strtr($package, '.', '�').'�' : '').xp::reflect($class);
      xp::$registry['class.'.$name]= $class;
      is_callable(array($name, '__static')) && call_user_func(array($name, '__static'));
      
      return $name;
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ public string nameOf(string name)
    //     Returns the fully qualified name
    static function nameOf($name) {
      if (!($n= xp::registry('class.'.$name))) {
        return $name ? 'php.'.$name : NULL;
      }
      return $n;
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ public string typeOf(mixed arg)
    //     Returns the fully qualified type name
    static function typeOf($arg) {
      return is_object($arg) ? xp::nameOf(get_class($arg)) : gettype($arg);
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ public string stringOf(mixed arg [, string indent default ''])
    //     Returns a string representation of the given argument
    static function stringOf($arg, $indent= '') {
      static $protect= array();
      
      if (is_string($arg)) {
        return '"'.$arg.'"';
      } else if (is_bool($arg)) {
        return $arg ? 'true' : 'false';
      } else if (is_null($arg)) {
        return 'null';
      } else if ($arg instanceof null) {
        return '<null>';
      } else if (is_int($arg) || is_float($arg)) {
        return (string)$arg;
      } else if ($arg instanceof Generic && !isset($protect[$arg->hashCode()])) {
        $protect[$arg->hashCode()]= TRUE;
        $s= $arg->toString();
        unset($protect[$arg->hashCode()]);
        return $s;
      } else if (is_array($arg)) {
        $ser= serialize($arg);
        if (isset($protect[$ser])) return '->{:recursion:}';
        $protect[$ser]= TRUE;
        $r= "[\n";
        foreach (array_keys($arg) as $key) {
          $r.= $indent.'  '.$key.' => '.xp::stringOf($arg[$key], $indent.'  ')."\n";
        }
        unset($protect[$ser]);
        return $r.$indent.']';
      } else if (is_object($arg)) {
        $ser= serialize($arg);
        if (isset($protect[$ser])) return '->{:recursion:}';
        $protect[$ser]= TRUE;
        $r= xp::nameOf(get_class($arg))." {\n";
        $vars= (array)$arg;
        foreach (array_keys($vars) as $key) {
          $r.= $indent.'  '.$key.' => '.xp::stringOf($vars[$key], $indent.'  ')."\n";
        }
        unset($protect[$ser]);
        return $r.$indent.'}';
      } else if (is_resource($arg)) {
        return 'resource(type= '.get_resource_type($arg).', id= '.(int)$arg.')';
      }
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ public void gc()
    //     Runs the garbage collector
    static function gc() {
      xp::$registry['errors']= array();
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ public <null> null()
    //     Runs a fatal-error safe version of NULL
    static function null() {
      return xp::$registry['null'];
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ public bool errorAt(string file [, int line)
    //     Returns whether an error occured at the specified position
    static function errorAt($file, $line= -1) {
      $errors= xp::$registry['errors'];
      
      // If no line is given, check for an error in the file
      if ($line < 0) return !empty($errors[$file]);
      
      // Otherwise, check for an error in the file on a certain line
      return !empty($errors[$file][$line]);
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ public mixed sapi(string* sapis)
    //     Sets an SAPI
    static function sapi() {
      foreach ($a= func_get_args() as $name) {
        foreach (xp::$registry['classpath'] as $path) {
          $filename= 'sapi'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.strtr($name, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).'.sapi.php';
          if (is_dir($path) && file_exists($f= $path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename)) {
            require_once($f);
            continue 2;
          } else if (is_file($path) && file_exists($f= 'xar://'.$path.'?'.strtr($filename, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '/'))) {
            require_once($f);
            continue 2;
          }
        }
        
        xp::error('Cannot open SAPI '.$name.' (include_path='.get_include_path().')');
      }
      xp::$registry['sapi']= $a;
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ internal mixed registry(mixed args*)
    //     Stores static data
    static function registry() {
      switch (func_num_args()) {
        case 0: return xp::$registry;
        case 1: return @xp::$registry[func_get_arg(0)];
        case 2: xp::$registry[func_get_arg(0)]= func_get_arg(1); break;
      }
      return NULL;
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ internal string reflect(string str)
    //     Retrieve PHP conformant name for fqcn
    static function reflect($str) {
      $l= array_search($str, xp::$registry);
      return $l ? substr($l, 6) : substr($str, (FALSE === $p= strrpos($str, '.')) ? 0 : $p+ 1);
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ internal void error(string message)
    //     Throws a fatal error and exits with exitcode 61
    static function error($message) {
      restore_error_handler();
      trigger_error($message, E_USER_ERROR);
      exit(0x3d);
    }
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ final class null
  class null {

    // {{{ public object __construct(void)
    //     Constructor to avoid magic __call invokation
    public function __construct() {
      if (isset(xp::$registry['null'])) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException('Cannot create new instances of xp::null()');
      }
    }
    
    // {{{ public void __clone(void)
    //     Clone interceptor
    public function __clone() {
      throw new NullPointerException('Object cloning intercepted.');
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ magic mixed __call(string name, mixed[] args)
    //     Call proxy
    function __call($name, $args) {
      throw new NullPointerException('Method.invokation('.$name.')');
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ magic void __set(string name, mixed value)
    //     Set proxy
    function __set($name, $value) {
      throw new NullPointerException('Property.write('.$name.')');
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ magic mixed __get(string name)
    //     Set proxy
    function __get($name) {
      throw new NullPointerException('Property.read('.$name.')');
    }
    // }}}
  }
  // }}}
  // {{{ final class xploader
  class xarloader {
    public
      $position     = 0,
      $archive      = '',
      $filename     = '';
      
    // {{{ static mixed[] acquire(string archive)
    //     Archive instance handling pool function, opens an archive and reads header only once
    static function acquire($archive) {
      static $archives= array();
      static $unpack= array(
        1 => 'a80id/a80*filename/a80*path/V1size/V1offset/a*reserved',
        2 => 'a240id/V1size/V1offset/a*reserved'
      );
      
      if (!isset($archives[$archive])) {
        $archives[$archive]= array();
        $current= &$archives[$archive];
        $current['handle']= fopen($archive, 'rb');
        $header= unpack('a3id/c1version/V1indexsize/a*reserved', fread($current['handle'], 0x0100));
        if ('CCA' != $header['id']) raise('lang.FormatException', 'Malformed archive '.$archive);
        for ($current['index']= array(), $i= 0; $i < $header['indexsize']; $i++) {
          $entry= unpack(
            $unpack[$header['version']], 
            fread($current['handle'], 0x0100)
          );
          $current['index'][$entry['id']]= array($entry['size'], $entry['offset']);
        }
      }

      return $archives[$archive];
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ function bool stream_open(string path, string mode, int options, string opened_path)
    //     Open the given stream and check if file exists
    function stream_open($path, $mode, $options, $opened_path) {
      sscanf($path, 'xar://%[^?]?%[^$]', $archive, $file);
      $this->archive= urldecode($archive);
      $this->filename= $file;
      
      $current= self::acquire($this->archive);
      return isset($current['index'][$this->filename]);
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ string stream_read(int count)
    //     Read $count bytes up-to-length of file
    function stream_read($count) {
      $current= self::acquire($this->archive);
      if (!isset($current['index'][$this->filename])) return FALSE;
      if ($current['index'][$this->filename][0] == $this->position || 0 == $count) return FALSE;

      fseek($current['handle'], 0x0100 + sizeof($current['index']) * 0x0100 + $current['index'][$this->filename][1] + $this->position, SEEK_SET);
      $bytes= fread($current['handle'], min($current['index'][$this->filename][0]- $this->position, $count));
      $this->position+= strlen($bytes);
      return $bytes;
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ bool stream_eof()
    //     Returns whether stream is at end of file
    function stream_eof() {
      $current= self::acquire($this->archive);
      return $this->position >= $current['index'][$this->filename][0];
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ <string,int> stream_stat()
    //     Retrieve status of stream
    function stream_stat() {
      $current= self::acquire($this->archive);
      return array(
        'size'  => $current['index'][$this->filename][0]
      );
    }
    // }}}

    // {{{ bool stream_seek(int offset, int whence)
    //     Callback for fseek
    function stream_seek($offset, $whence) {
      switch ($whence) {
        case SEEK_SET: $this->position= $offset; break;
        case SEEK_CUR: $this->position+= $offset; break;
        case SEEK_END: 
          $current= self::acquire($this->archive);
          $this->position= $current['index'][$this->filename][0] + $offset; 
          break;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ int stream_tell
    //     Callback for ftell
    function stream_tell() {
      return $this->position;
    }
    // }}}
    
    // {{{ <string,int> url_stat(string path)
    //     Retrieve status of url
    function url_stat($path) {
      sscanf($path, 'xar://%[^?]?%[^$]', $archive, $file);
      $current= self::acquire(urldecode($archive));

      return isset($current['index'][$file]) 
        ? array('size' => $current['index'][$file][0])
        : FALSE
      ;
    }
    // }}}
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ internal void __error(int code, string msg, string file, int line)
  //     Error callback
  function __error($code, $msg, $file, $line) {
    if (0 == error_reporting() || is_null($file)) return;

    if (E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR == $code) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException($msg.' @ '.$file.':'.$line);
    } else {
      @xp::$registry['errors'][$file][$line][$msg]++;
    }
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ void uses (string* args)
  //     Uses one or more classes
  function uses() {
    foreach (func_get_args() as $str) xp::$registry['loader']->loadClass0($str);
  }
  // }}}
  
  // {{{ void raise (string classname, mixed* args)
  //     throws an exception by a given class name
  function raise($classname) {
    try {
      $class= XPClass::forName($classname);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException $e) {
      xp::error($e->getMessage());
    }
    
    $a= func_get_args();
    throw call_user_func_array(array($class, 'newInstance'), array_slice($a, 1));
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ void finally (void)
  //     Syntactic sugar. Intentionally empty
  function finally() {
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ Generic cast (Generic expression, string type)
  //     Casts an expression.
  function cast(Generic $expression= NULL, $type) {
    if (NULL === $expression) {
      return xp::null();
    } else if (XPClass::forName($type)->isInstance($expression)) {
      return $expression;
    }

    raise('lang.ClassCastException', 'Cannot cast '.xp::typeOf($expression).' to '.$type);
   }

  // {{{ proto bool is(string class, lang.Object object)
  //     Checks whether a given object is of the class, a subclass or implements an interface
  function is($class, $object) {
    if (NULL === $class) return $object instanceof null;

    $class= xp::reflect($class);
    return $object instanceof $class;
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ proto void delete(&lang.Object object)
  //     Destroys an object
  function delete(&$object) {
    $object= NULL;
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ proto void with(expr)
  //     Syntactic sugar. Intentionally empty
  function with() {
  }
  // }}}
  
  // {{{ proto mixed ref(mixed object)
  //     Creates a "reference" to an object
  function ref(&$object) {
    return array(&$object);
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ proto &mixed deref(&mixed expr)
  //     Dereferences an expression
  function &deref(&$expr) {
    if (is_array($expr)) return $expr[0]; else return $expr;
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ proto lang.Object newinstance(string classname, mixed[] args, string bytes)
  //     Anonymous instance creation
  function newinstance($classname, $args, $bytes) {
    static $u= 0;

    $class= xp::reflect($classname);
    if (!class_exists($class) && !interface_exists($class)) {
      xp::error(xp::stringOf(new Error('Class "'.$classname.'" does not exist')));
      // Bails
    }

    $name= $class.'�'.(++$u);
    
    // Checks whether an interface or a class was given
    $cl= DynamicClassLoader::instanceFor(__FUNCTION__);
    if (interface_exists($class)) {
      $cl->setClassBytes($name, 'class '.$name.' extends Object implements '.$class.' '.$bytes);
    } else {
      $cl->setClassBytes($name, 'class '.$name.' extends '.$class.' '.$bytes);
    }

    $cl->loadClass0($name);

    // Build paramstr for evaluation
    for ($paramstr= '', $i= 0, $m= sizeof($args); $i < $m; $i++) {
      $paramstr.= ', $args['.$i.']';
    }
    return eval('return new '.$name.'('.substr($paramstr, 2).');');
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ lang.Generic create(mixed spec)
  //     Creates a generic object
  function create($spec) {
    if ($spec instanceof Generic) return $spec;

    sscanf($spec, 'new %[^<]<%[^>]>', $classname, $types);
    $class= xp::reflect($classname);
    
    // Check whether class is generic
    if (!property_exists($class, '__generic')) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException('Class '.$classname.' is not generic');
    }
    
    // Instanciate without invoking the constructor and pass type information. 
    // This is done so that the constructur can already use generic types.
    $__id= microtime();
    $instance= unserialize('O:'.strlen($class).':"'.$class.'":1:{s:4:"__id";s:'.strlen($__id).':"'.$__id.'";}');
    foreach (explode(',', $types) as $type) {
      $instance->__generic[]= xp::reflect(trim($type));
    }
    
    // Call constructor if available
    if (is_callable(array($instance, '__construct'))) {
      $a= func_get_args();
      call_user_func_array(array($instance, '__construct'), array_slice($a, 1));
    }

    return $instance;
  }
  // }}}

  // {{{ initialization
  error_reporting(E_ALL);
  
  // Get rid of magic quotes 
  get_magic_quotes_gpc() && xp::error('[xp::core] magic_quotes_gpc enabled');
  ini_set('magic_quotes_runtime', FALSE);
  
  // Constants
  define('LONG_MAX', PHP_INT_MAX);
  define('LONG_MIN', -PHP_INT_MAX - 1);

  // Hooks
  set_error_handler('__error');
  
  // Registry initialization
  xp::$registry['null']= new null();
  xp::$registry['loader']= new xp();
  xp::$registry['classpath']= array_filter(array_map('realpath', explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, get_include_path())));

  // Register stream wrapper for .xar class loading
  stream_wrapper_register('xar', 'xarloader');

  // Omnipresent classes
  uses(
    'lang.Object',
    'lang.Error',
    'lang.XPException',
    'lang.XPClass',
    'lang.NullPointerException',
    'lang.IllegalAccessException',
    'lang.IllegalArgumentException',
    'lang.IllegalStateException',
    'lang.FormatException',
    'lang.ClassLoader'
  );
  // }}}
?>
--69:bin/boot.pth:--
..
../lib/xp-rt-5.6.7RC3.xar
../lib/xp-net.xp_framework-5.6.7RC3.xar
--2606189:lib/xp-rt-5.6.7RC3.xar:--
CCAAlang/archive/Archive.class.php#"lang/archive/ArchiveClassLoader.class.php#"lang/archive/ArchiveReader.class.php�3=lang/archive/package-info.xp
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�lang/CloneNotSupportedException.class.php@��lang/Collection.class.php7 �lang/DynamicClassLoader.class.phpl"�lang/ElementNotFoundException.class.php
��lang/Enum.class.php���lang/Error.class.php���lang/FileSystemClassLoader.class.php�Y�lang/FormatException.class.php
�lang/Generic.class.php�"�lang/IClassLoader.class.php-��lang/IllegalAccessException.class.php�


lang/IllegalArgumentException.class.phpv
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I�util/collections/IList.class.php�J�util/collections/LRUBuffer.class.php��util/collections/Map.class.php6
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�futil/Date.class.phpd*�hutil/DateInterval.class.phps-�util/DateMath.class.php���util/DateUtil.class.php�K�util/DeferredInitializationException.class.phpS
�util/Hashmap.class.phpJ"j�util/HashmapIterator.class.phpC��util/io/VirtualFileManager.class.phpB��util/Locale.class.php�9�util/log/BufferedAppender.class.php��util/log/ColoredConsoleAppender.class.php���util/log/ConsoleAppender.class.php:��util/log/FileAppender.class.phpx�
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�[util/MimeType.class.php�*�]util/NoSuchElementException.class.phpn
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,�$VERSION	d�$<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Archive.class.php 12246 2008-05-27 18:11:31Z friebe $
 */
 
  uses('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'io.EncapsedStream');

  define('ARCHIVE_READ',             0x0000);
  define('ARCHIVE_CREATE',           0x0001);
  define('ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE',      0x0100);
  define('ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE', 0x0100);

  /**
   * Archives contain a collection of classes.
   *
   * Usage example (Creating):
   * <code>
   *   $a= new Archive(new File('soap.xar'));
   *   $a->open(ARCHIVE_CREATE);
   *   $a->addFile(
   *     'webservices/soap/SOAPMessage.class.php'
   *     new File($path, 'xml/soap/SOAPMessage.class.php')
   *   );
   *   $a->create();
   * </code>
   *
   * Usage example (Extracting):
   * <code>
   *   $a= new Archive(new File('soap.xar'));
   *   $bytes= $a->extract('webservices/soap/SOAPMessage.class.php');
   * </code>
   * 
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.archive.ArchiveTest
   * @purpose  Provide archiving
   * @see      http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/docs/api/java/util/jar/package-summary.html
   */
  class Archive extends Object {
    public
      $file     = NULL,
      $version  = 2;
    
    public
      $_index  = array();
        
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   io.File file
     */
    public function __construct($file) {
      $this->file= $file;
    }
    
    /**
     * Get URI
     *
     * @return  string uri
     */
    public function getURI() {
      return $this->file->getURI();
    }
    
    /**
     * Add a file
     *
     * @param   io.File file
     * @param   string id the id under which this entry will be located
     * @return  bool success
     * @deprecated Use addFile() instead
     */
    public function add($file, $id) {
      $file->open(FILE_MODE_READ);
      $data= $file->read($file->size());
      $file->close();

      $this->_index[$id]= array(strlen($data), -1, $data);
      return TRUE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Add a file by its bytes
     *
     * @param   string id the id under which this entry will be located
     * @param   string path
     * @param   string filename
     * @param   string bytes
     * @deprecated Use addBytes() instead
     */
    public function addFileBytes($id, $path, $filename, $bytes) {
      $this->_index[$id]= array(strlen($bytes), -1, $bytes);
    }


    /**
     * Add a file by its bytes
     *
     * @param   string id the id under which this entry will be located
     * @param   string bytes
     */
    public function addBytes($id, $bytes) {
      $this->_index[$id]= array(strlen($bytes), -1, $bytes);
    }

    /**
     * Add a file
     *
     * @param   string id the id under which this entry will be located
     * @param   io.File file
     */
    public function addFile($id, $file) {
      $file->open(FILE_MODE_READ);
      $bytes= $file->read($file->size());
      $file->close();

      $this->_index[$id]= array(strlen($bytes), -1, $bytes);
    }
    
    /**
     * Create CCA archive
     *
     * @return  bool success
     */
    public function create() {
      $this->file->truncate();
      $this->file->write(pack(
        'a3c1V1a248', 
        'CCA',
        $this->version,
        sizeof(array_keys($this->_index)),
        "\0"                  // Reserved for future use
      ));

      // Write index
      $offset= 0;
      foreach (array_keys($this->_index) as $id) {
        $this->file->write(pack(
          'a240V1V1a8',
          $id,
          $this->_index[$id][0],
          $offset,
          "\0"                   // Reserved for future use
        ));
        $offset+= $this->_index[$id][0];
      }

      // Write files
      foreach (array_keys($this->_index) as $id) {
        $this->file->write($this->_index[$id][2]);
      }

      $this->file->close();
      return TRUE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Check whether a given element exists
     *
     * @param   string id the element's id
     * @return  bool TRUE when the element exists
     */
    public function contains($id) {
      return isset($this->_index[$id]);
    }
    
    /**
     * Get entry (iterative use)
     * <code>
     *   $a= new Archive(new File('port.xar'));
     *   $a->open(ARCHIVE_READ);
     *   while ($id= $a->getEntry()) {
     *     var_dump($id);
     *   }
     *   $a->close();
     * </code>
     *
     * @return  string id or FALSE to indicate the pointer is at the end of the list
     */
    public function getEntry() {
      $key= key($this->_index);
      next($this->_index);
      return $key;
    }

    /**
     * Rewind archive
     *
     */
    public function rewind() {
      reset($this->_index);
    }
    
    /**
     * Extract a file's contents
     *
     * @param   string id
     * @return  string content
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the specified id does not exist
     */
    public function extract($id) {
      if (!$this->contains($id)) {
        throw new ElementNotFoundException('Element "'.$id.'" not contained in this archive');
      }

      // Calculate starting position      
      $pos= (
        ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE + 
        sizeof(array_keys($this->_index)) * ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE +
        $this->_index[$id][1]
      );
      
      try {
        $this->file->isOpen() || $this->file->open(FILE_MODE_READ);
        $this->file->seek($pos, SEEK_SET);
        $data= $this->file->read($this->_index[$id][0]);
      } catch (XPException $e) {
        throw new ElementNotFoundException('Element "'.$id.'" cannot be read: '.$e->getMessage());
      }
      
      return $data;
    }
    
    /**
     * Fetches a stream to the file in the archive
     *
     * @param   string id
     * @return  io.Stream
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the specified id does not exist
     */
    public function getStream($id) {
      if (!$this->contains($id)) {
        throw new ElementNotFoundException('Element "'.$id.'" not contained in this archive');
      }

      // Calculate starting position      
      $pos= (
        ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE + 
        sizeof(array_keys($this->_index)) * ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE +
        $this->_index[$id][1]
      );
      
      return new EncapsedStream($this->file, $pos, $this->_index[$id][0]);
    }
    
    /**
     * Open this archive
     *
     * @param   int mode default ARCHIVE_READ one of ARCHIVE_READ | ARCHIVE_CREATE
     * @return  bool success
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case an illegal mode was specified
     * @throws  lang.FormatException in case the header is malformed
     */
    public function open($mode) {
      static $unpack= array(
        1 => 'a80id/a80*filename/a80*path/V1size/V1offset/a*reserved',
        2 => 'a240id/V1size/V1offset/a*reserved'
      );
      
      switch ($mode) {
        case ARCHIVE_READ:      // Load
          $this->file->open(FILE_MODE_READ);

          // Read header
          $header= $this->file->read(ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE);
          $data= unpack('a3id/c1version/V1indexsize/a*reserved', $header);

          // Check header integrity
          if ('CCA' !== $data['id']) throw new FormatException(sprintf(
            'Header malformed: "CCA" expected, have "%s"', 
            substr($header, 0, 3)
          ));
          
          // Copy information
          $this->version= $data['version'];
          
          // Read index
          for ($i= 0; $i < $data['indexsize']; $i++) {
            $entry= unpack($unpack[$this->version], $this->file->read(ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE));
            $this->_index[$entry['id']]= array($entry['size'], $entry['offset'], NULL);
          }
          return TRUE;
          
        case ARCHIVE_CREATE:    // Create
          return $this->file->open(FILE_MODE_WRITE);
          
      }
      
      throw new IllegalArgumentException('Mode '.$mode.' not recognized');
    }
    
    /**
     * Close this archive
     *
     * @return  bool success
     */
    public function close() {
      return $this->file->close();
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this archive is open
     *
     * @return  bool TRUE when the archive file is open
     */
    public function isOpen() {
      return $this->file->isOpen();
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return sprintf(
        '%s(version= %s, index size= %d) { %s }',
        $this->getClassName(),
        $this->version,
        sizeof($this->_index),
        xp::stringOf($this->file)
      );
    }
    
    /**
     * Destructor
     *
     */
    public function __destruct() {
      if ($this->isOpen()) $this->close();
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 * 
 * $Id: ArchiveClassLoader.class.php 11996 2008-04-05 16:23:42Z friebe $
 */

  uses('lang.IClassLoader');

  /** 
   * Loads XP classes from a XAR (XP Archive)
   * 
   * Usage:
   * <code>
   *   $l= new ArchiveClassLoader(new Archive(new File('soap.xar')));
   *   try {
   *     $class= $l->loadClass($argv[1]);
   *   } catch (ClassNotFoundException $e) {
   *     $e->printStackTrace();
   *     exit(-1);
   *   }
   * 
   *   $obj= $class->newInstance();
   * </code>
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.io.ArchiveClassLoaderTest
   * @purpose  Load classes from an archive
   * @see      xp://lang.ClassLoader
   * @see      xp://lang.archive.Archive
   * @ext      tokenize
   */
  class ArchiveClassLoader extends Object implements IClassLoader {
    protected
      $archive  = NULL;
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     * 
     * @param   mixed archive either a string or a lang.archive.Archive instance
     */
    public function __construct($archive) {
      $uri= $archive instanceof Archive ? $archive->getURI() : $archive;

      // Archive within an archive
      if (0 === strncmp('xar://', $uri, 6)) {
        $this->archive= 'xar://'.urlencode($uri).'?';
      } else {
        $this->archive= 'xar://'.$uri.'?';
      }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a string representation
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName(). '<'.$this->archive.'>';
    }
    
    /**
     * Load class bytes
     *
     * @param   string name fully qualified class name
     * @return  string
     */
    public function loadClassBytes($name) {
      return file_get_contents($this->archive.strtr($name, '.', '/').xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT);
    }
    
    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name io.File
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     * @throws  lang.FormatException in case the class file is malformed
     */
    public function loadClass($class) {
      return new XPClass($this->loadClass0($class));
    }

    /**
     * Loads a class
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @return  string class name of class loaded
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass0($class) {
      if (isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) return xp::reflect($class);

      xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]= 'lang.archive.ArchiveClassLoader://'.substr($this->archive, 6, -1);
      $package= NULL;
      if (FALSE === include($this->archive.strtr($class, '.', '/').xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT)) {
        unset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]);
        throw new FormatException('Cannot define class "'.$class.'"');
      }

      $name= ($package ? strtr($package, '.', '�').'�' : '').xp::reflect($class);
      xp::$registry['class.'.$name]= $class;
      is_callable(array($name, '__static')) && call_user_func(array($name, '__static'));

      return $name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Loads a resource.
     *
     * @param   string string name of resource
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResource($string) {
      if (FALSE !== ($r= file_get_contents($this->archive.$string))) {
        return $r;
      }

      return raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load resource '.$string);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream to the resource
     *
     * @param   string string name of resource
     * @return  io.Stream
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResourceAsStream($string) {
      if (!file_exists($this->archive.$string)) {
        return raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load resource '.$string);
      }
      return new File($this->archive.$string);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested class
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesClass($class) {
      return file_exists($this->archive.strtr($class, '.', '/').xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested resource
     *
     * @param   string filename
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesResource($filename) {
      return file_exists($this->archive.$filename);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested package
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesPackage($package) {
      $acquired= xarloader::acquire(urldecode(substr($this->archive, 6, -1)));
      $cmps= strtr($package, '.', '/');
      $cmpl= strlen($cmps);
      
      foreach (array_keys($acquired['index']) as $e) {
        if (strncmp($cmps, $e, $cmpl) === 0) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Fetch instance of classloader by the path to the archive
     *
     * @param   string path
     * @param   bool expand default TRUE whether to expand the path using realpath
     * @return  lang.archive.ArchiveClassLoader
     */
    public static function instanceFor($path, $expand= TRUE) {
      static $pool= array();
      
      $path= $expand && 0 !== strncmp('xar%3A%2F%2F', $path, 12) ? realpath($path) : $path;
      if (!isset($pool[$path])) {
        $pool[$path]= new self($path);
      }
      
      return $pool[$path];
    }

    /**
     * Get package contents
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  string[] filenames
     */
    public function packageContents($package) {
      $contents= array();
      $acquired= xarloader::acquire(urldecode(substr($this->archive, 6, -1)));
      $cmps= strtr($package, '.', '/');
      $cmpl= strlen($cmps);
      
      foreach (array_keys($acquired['index']) as $e) {
        if (strncmp($cmps, $e, $cmpl) != 0) continue;
        $entry= substr($e, $cmpl+ 1);
        
        // Check to see if we're getting something in a subpackage. Imagine the 
        // following structure:
        //
        // archive.xar
        // - tests/ClassOne.class.php
        // - tests/classes/RecursionTest.class.php
        // - tests/classes/ng/NextGenerationRecursionTest.class.php
        //
        // When this method is invoked with "tests" as name, "ClassOne.class.php"
        // and "classes/" should be returned (but neither any of the subdirectories
        // nor their contents)
        if (FALSE !== ($p= strpos($entry, '/'))) {
          $entry= substr($entry, 0, $p);
          if (strstr($entry, '/')) continue;
          $entry.= '/';
        }
        $contents[$entry]= NULL;
      }
      return array_keys($contents);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ArchiveReader.class.php 11445 2007-12-11 15:06:08Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Simple lightweight archive reader. This is a reading-only
   * archive class which can be used to minimize class
   * dependencies.
   * 
   * @deprecated use lang.archive.Archive instead
   * @see      xp://lang.archive.ArchiveClassLoader
   * @purpose  Lightweight archive reader
   */
  class ArchiveReader extends Object {
    public
      $file     = '',
      $version  = 1;
    
    public
      $_hdl     = NULL,
      $_index   = array();

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param   string filename
     */
    public function __construct($filename) {
      $this->file= $filename;
    }

    /**
     * Get URI
     *
     * @return  string uri
     */
    public function getURI() {
      return $this->file;
    }
    
    /**
     * Check whether a given element exists
     *
     * @param   string id the element's id
     * @return  bool TRUE when the element exists
     */
    public function contains($id) {
      return isset($this->_index[$id]);
    }    
    
    /**
     * Get entry (iterative use)
     * <code>
     *   $a= new Archive(new File('port.xar'));
     *   $a->open(ARCHIVE_READ);
     *   while ($id= $a->getEntry()) {
     *     var_dump($id);
     *   }
     *   $a->close();
     * </code>
     *
     * @return  string id or FALSE to indicate the pointer is at the end of the list
     */
    public function getEntry() {
      $key= key($this->_index);
      next($this->_index);
      return $key;
    }

    /**
     * Rewind archive
     *
     */
    public function rewind() {
      reset($this->_index);
    }
    
    /**
     * Extract a file's contents
     *
     * @param   string id
     * @return  string content
     */
    public function extract($id) {
      if (!$this->contains($id)) {
        return FALSE;
      }

      // Calculate starting position      
      $pos= (
        ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE + 
        sizeof(array_keys($this->_index)) * ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE +
        $this->_index[$id][3]
      );
      
      fseek($this->_hdl, $pos, SEEK_SET);
      $data= fread($this->_hdl, $this->_index[$id][2]);
      return $data;
    }
    
    /**
     * Fetches a stream to the file in the archive
     *
     * @param   string id
     * @return  io.Stream
     */
    public function getStream($id) {
      if (!$this->contains($id)) {
        return FALSE;
      }

      // Calculate starting position      
      $pos= (
        ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE + 
        sizeof(array_keys($this->_index)) * ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE +
        $this->_index[$id][3]
      );
      
      // Load the class only at runtime to keep hardcoded dependencies to
      // external (ie. != "lang.") classes at a minimum to not affect
      // core startup time.
      $class= XPClass::forName('io.EncapsedStream');
      $file= XPClass::forName('io.File')->newInstance($this->file);
      $file->open(FILE_MODE_READ);
      $s= $class->newInstance($file, $pos, $this->_index[$id][2]);
      return $s;
    }
    
    /**
     * Open this archive.
     *
     * Note: this light-weight implementation of an ArchiveReader
     * only supports opening the archive in ARCHIVE_READ mode.
     *
     * @param   int mode default ARCHIVE_READ one of ARCHIVE_READ | ARCHIVE_CREATE
     * @return  bool success
     */
    public function open($mode) {
      switch ($mode) {
        case ARCHIVE_READ:      // Load
          $this->_hdl= fopen($this->file, 'rb');
          $header= fread($this->_hdl, ARCHIVE_HEADER_SIZE);
          $data= unpack('a3id/c1version/i1indexsize/a*reserved', $header);
            
          // Check header integrity
          if ('CCA' !== $data['id']) throw(new FormatException(sprintf(
            'Header malformed: "CCA" expected, have "%s"', 
            substr($header, 0, 3)
          )));
          
          // Copy information
          $this->version = $data['version'];
          
          // Read index
          for ($i= 0; $i < $data['indexsize']; $i++) {
            $entry= unpack(
              'a80id/a80filename/a80path/i1size/i1offset/a*reserved', 
              fread($this->_hdl, ARCHIVE_INDEX_ENTRY_SIZE)
            );
            $this->_index[$entry['id']]= array(
              $entry['filename'],
              $entry['path'],
              $entry['size'],
              $entry['offset'],
              NULL              // Will not be read, use extract()
            );
          }
          
          return TRUE;
      }
      
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Close this archive
     *
     * @return  bool success
     */
    public function close() {
      return fclose($this->_hdl);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this archive is open
     *
     * @return  bool TRUE when the archive file is open
     */
    public function isOpen() {
      return is_resource($this->_hdl);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return sprintf(
        '%s(version= %s, index size= %d) { %s }',
        $this->getClassName(),
        $this->version,
        sizeof($this->_index),
        xp::stringOf($this->_hdl)
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: package-info.xp 12156 2008-05-04 12:04:40Z friebe $
 */

/**
 * The archive package adds support for loading classes from archives,
 * so-called "xar"s.
 *
 * This is supported natively by the uses() statement.
 *
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/119/2006/10/14/
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/122/2006/10/15/
 * @see      http://developer.xp-framework.net/xml/rfc/view?0074
 * @purpose  Class archive
 */
package lang.archive {
}
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ChainedException.class.php 10975 2007-08-27 17:13:17Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Chained Exception
   *
   * @purpose   Exception base class
   * @test      xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.ChainedExceptionTest
   * @see       http://mindprod.com/jgloss/chainedexceptions.html
   * @see       http://www.jguru.com/faq/view.jsp?EID=1026405  
   */
  class ChainedException extends XPException {
    public
      $cause    = NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string message
     * @param   lang.Throwable cause
     */
    public function __construct($message, $cause) {
      parent::__construct($message);
      $this->cause= $cause;
    }

    /**
     * Set cause
     *
     * @param   lang.Throwable cause
     */
    public function setCause($cause) {
      $this->cause= $cause;
    }

    /**
     * Get cause
     *
     * @return  lang.Throwable
     */
    public function getCause() {
      return $this->cause;
    }
    
    /**
     * Return string representation of this exception
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $s= $this->compoundMessage()."\n";
      $t= sizeof($this->trace);
      for ($i= 0; $i < $t; $i++) {
        $s.= $this->trace[$i]->toString(); 
      }
      if (!$this->cause) return $s;
      
      $loop= $this->cause;
      while ($loop) {

        // String of cause
        $s.= 'Caused by '.$loop->compoundMessage()."\n";

        // Find common stack trace elements
        for ($ct= $cc= sizeof($loop->trace)- 1, $t= sizeof($this->trace)- 1; $ct > 0, $t > 0; $cc--, $t--) {
          if (!$loop->trace[$cc]->equals($this->trace[$t])) break;
        }

        // Output uncommon elements only and one line how many common elements exist!
        for ($i= 0; $i < $cc; $i++) {
          $s.= xp::stringOf($loop->trace[$i]); 
        }
        if ($cc != $ct) $s.= '  ... '.($ct - $cc + 1)." more\n";
        
        $loop= $loop instanceof ChainedException ? $loop->cause : NULL;
      }
      
      return $s;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ClassCastException.class.php 11655 2007-12-29 19:53:01Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Indicates a class cast failed
   *
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class ClassCastException extends XPException {
    
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 * 
 * $Id: ClassLoader.class.php 12258 2008-05-31 17:09:29Z friebe $
 */
 
  uses(
    'lang.IClassLoader',
    'lang.FileSystemClassLoader',
    'lang.DynamicClassLoader',
    'lang.archive.ArchiveClassLoader'
  );
  
  /** 
   * Entry point class to loading classes, packages and resources.
   * Keeps a list of class loaders that load classes from the file
   * system, xar archives, memory, or various other places. These
   * loaders are asked for each class loading request, be it via
   * XPClass::forName(), uses(), requests from the Package class,
   * or explicit calls to ClassLoader::getDefault()->loadClass().
   *
   * Given the following code
   * <code>
   *   $class= ClassLoader::getDefault()->loadClass($name);
   * </code>
   * ...and the following include_path setting:
   * <pre>
   *   ".:/usr/local/lib/xp/xp-rt-5.4.0.xar:/home/classes/"
   * </pre>
   * ...the classloader will ask the class loader delegates:
   * <pre>
   * - FileSystemClassLoader(.)
   * - ArchiveClassLoader(/usr/local/lib/xp/xp-rt-5.4.0.xar)
   * - FileSystemClassLoader(/home/classes/)
   * </pre>
   * ...in the stated order. The first delegate to provide the class 
   * will be asked to load it. In case none of the delegates are able
   * to provide the class, a ClassNotFoundException will be thrown.
   * 
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.ClassLoaderTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.ResourcesTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.PackageTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.RuntimeClassDefinitionTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.FullyQualifiedTest
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass#forName
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Package#loadClass
   * @purpose  Class loading
   */
  final class ClassLoader extends Object implements IClassLoader {
    protected static
      $delegates  = array();

    static function __static() {
      xp::$registry['loader']= new self();
      
      // Scan include-path, setting up classloaders for each element
      foreach (xp::$registry['classpath'] as $element) {
        if (is_dir($element)) {
          self::registerLoader(FileSystemClassLoader::instanceFor($element, FALSE));
        } else if (is_file($element)) {
          self::registerLoader(ArchiveClassLoader::instanceFor($element, FALSE));
        }
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the default class loader
     *
     * @return  lang.ClassLoader
     */
    public static function getDefault() {
      return xp::$registry['loader'];
    }

    /**
     * Register a class loader from a path
     *
     * @param   string element
     * @param   bool before default FALSE whether to register this as the first loader
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader the registered loader
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException if the path cannot be found
     */
    public static function registerPath($element, $before= FALSE) {
      if (is_dir($element)) {
        return self::registerLoader(FileSystemClassLoader::instanceFor($element, $before));
      } else if (is_file($element)) {
        return self::registerLoader(ArchiveClassLoader::instanceFor($element, $before));
      }
      raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Element "'.$element.'" not found');
    }
    
    /**
     * Register a class loader as a delegate
     *
     * @param   lang.IClassLoader l
     * @param   bool before default FALSE whether to register this as the first loader
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader the registered loader
     */
    public static function registerLoader(IClassLoader $l, $before= FALSE) {
      if ($before) {
        self::$delegates= array_merge(array($l->hashCode() => $l), self::$delegates);
      } else {
        self::$delegates[$l->hashCode()]= $l;
      }
      return $l;
    }

    /**
     * Unregister a class loader as a delegate
     *
     * @param   lang.IClassLoader l
     * @return  bool TRUE if the delegate was unregistered
     */
    public static function removeLoader(IClassLoader $l) {
      if (!isset(self::$delegates[$l->hashCode()])) return FALSE;
      unset(self::$delegates[$l->hashCode()]);
      return TRUE;
    }

    /**
     * Get class loader delegates
     *
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader[]
     */
    public static function getLoaders() {
      return array_values(self::$delegates);
    }

    /**
     * Define a class with a given name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @param   string parent either sourcecode of the class or FQCN of parent
     * @param   string[] interfaces FQCNs of implemented interfaces
     * @param   string bytes default "{}" inner sourcecode of class (containing {}) 
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.FormatException in case the class cannot be defined
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException if given parent class does not exist
     */
    public static function defineClass($class, $parent, $interfaces, $bytes= '{}') {
      $name= xp::reflect($class);
      if (!isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) {
        $super= xp::reflect($parent);

        // Test for existance        
        if (!class_exists($super)) {
          throw new ClassNotFoundException('Parent class "'.$parent.'" does not exist.');
        }
        
        if (!empty($interfaces)) {
          $if= array_map(array('xp', 'reflect'), $interfaces);
          foreach ($if as $implemented) {
            if (interface_exists($implemented)) continue;
            throw new ClassNotFoundException('Implemented interface "'.$implemented.'" does not exist.');
          }
        }

        with ($dyn= DynamicClassLoader::instanceFor(__METHOD__)); {
          $dyn->setClassBytes($class, sprintf(
            'class %s extends %s%s %s',
            $name,
            $super,
            $interfaces ? ' implements '.implode(', ', $if) : '',
            $bytes
          ));
          
          return $dyn->loadClass($class);
        }
      }
      
      return new XPClass($name);
    }
    
    /**
     * Define an interface with a given name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @param   string[] parents FQCNs of parent interfaces
     * @param   string bytes default "{}" inner sourcecode of class (containing {}) 
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.FormatException in case the class cannot be defined
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException if given parent class does not exist
     */
    public static function defineInterface($class, $parents, $bytes= '{}') {
      $name= xp::reflect($class); $if= array();
      if (!isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) {
        if (!empty($parents)) {
          $if= array_map(array('xp', 'reflect'), (array)$parents);
          foreach ($if as $super) {
            if (interface_exists($super)) continue;
            throw new ClassNotFoundException('Superinterface "'.$super.'" does not exist.');
          }
        }

        with ($dyn= DynamicClassLoader::instanceFor(__METHOD__)); {
          $dyn->setClassBytes($class, sprintf(
            'interface %s%s %s',
            $name,
            sizeof($if) ? ' extends '.implode(', ', $if) : '',
            $bytes
          ));
          
          return $dyn->loadClass($class);
        }
      }
      
      return new XPClass($name);
    }

    /**
     * Loads a class
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @return  string class name of class loaded
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass0($class) {
      if (isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) return xp::reflect($class);
      
      // Ask delegates
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesClass($class)) return $delegate->loadClass0($class);
      }
      throw new ClassNotFoundException(sprintf(
        'No classloader provides class "%s" {%s}',
        $class,
        xp::stringOf(self::getLoaders())
      ));
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested class
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesClass($class) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesClass($class)) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested resource
     *
     * @param   string filename
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesResource($filename) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesResource($filename)) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested package
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesPackage($package) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesPackage($package)) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Find the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader the classloader that provides this class
     */
    public function findClass($class) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesClass($class)) return $delegate;
      }
      return xp::null();
    }    

    /**
     * Find the package by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string package fully qualified package name
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader the classloader that provides this class
     */
    public function findPackage($package) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesPackage($package)) return $delegate;
      }
      return xp::null();
    }    
    
    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass($class) {
      return new XPClass($this->loadClass0($class));
    }    

    /**
     * Find the resource by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string name resource name
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader the classloader that provides this resource
     */
    public function findResource($name) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesResource($name)) return $delegate;
      }
      return xp::null();
    }    

    /**
     * Loads a resource.
     *
     * @param   string string name of resource
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResource($string) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesResource($string)) return $delegate->getResource($string);
      }
      raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', sprintf(
        'No classloader provides resource "%s" {%s}',
        $string,
        xp::stringOf(self::getLoaders())
      ));
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream to the resource
     *
     * @param   string string name of resource
     * @return  io.Stream
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResourceAsStream($string) {
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        if ($delegate->providesResource($string)) return $delegate->getResourceAsStream($string);
      }
      raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', sprintf(
        'No classloader provides resource "%s" {%s}',
        $string,
        xp::stringOf(self::getLoaders())
      ));
    }

    /**
     * Get package contents
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  string[] filenames
     */
    public function packageContents($package) {
      $contents= array();
      foreach (self::$delegates as $delegate) {
        $contents= array_merge($contents, $delegate->packageContents($package));
      }
      return array_unique($contents);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ClassNotFoundException.class.php 11987 2008-03-30 13:18:49Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * Indicates a class specified by a name cannot be found - that is,
   * no classloader provides such a class.
   *
   * @see   xp://lang.IClassLoader#loadClass
   * @see   xp://lang.XPClass#forName
   */
  class ClassNotFoundException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: CloneNotSupportedException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $ 
 */

  /**
   * Thrown to indicate that the clone method in class Object has been called
   * to clone an object, but that the object's class does not implement the
   * Cloneable interface.
   * 
   * Applications that override the clone method can also throw this exception
   * to indicate that an object could not or should not be cloned. 
   *
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class CloneNotSupportedException extends XPException {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Collection.class.php 11368 2007-11-24 18:59:14Z kiesel $ 
 */

  uses('lang.ClassNotFoundException');

  /**
   * Represents a collection of objects of the same class (or subclass)
   *
   * <code>
   *   $coll= Collection::forClass('rdbms.DBConnection');
   *
   *   $coll->add(new SybaseConnection(...));       // Works
   *   $coll->add(new MySQLConnection(...));        // Works, too
   *   $coll->add(Date::now());                     // Fails
   *   $coll->add(1);                               // Fails
   * </code>
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.CollectionTest
   * @purpose  "Type-safe" array
   */
  class Collection extends Object {
    public
      $class   = '',
      $list    = array();
      
    public
      $_name   = '';
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string class
     */
    protected function __construct($class) {
      $this->class= $class;
      $this->_name= xp::reflect($class);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a new Collection object for a specified class
     *
     * @param   string class the fully qualified class name
     * @return  lang.Collection
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException
     */
    public static function forClass($class) {
      if (!class_exists(xp::reflect($class))) {
        throw(new ClassNotFoundException('Class "'.$class.'" does not exist'));
      }
      return new self($class);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this list.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size() {
      return sizeof($this->list);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the element's class name
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getElementClassName() {
      return $this->class;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the element's class name
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     */
    public function getElementClass() {
      return XPClass::forName($this->class);
    }
    
    /**
     * Tests if this list has no elements.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty() {
      return empty($this->list);
    }
    
    /**
     * Adds an element to this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Object element
     * @return  lang.Object the added element
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function add($element) {
      if (!is($this->_name, $element)) {
        throw(new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
          'Element is not a %s (but %s)',
          $this->class,
          xp::typeOf($element)
        )));
      }
      $this->list[]= $element;
      return $element;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an element to the beginning of this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Object element
     * @return  lang.Object the prepended element
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function prepend($element) {
      if (!is($this->_name, $element)) {
        throw(new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
          'Element is not a %s (but %s)',
          $this->class,
          xp::typeOf($element)
        )));
      }
      array_unshift($this->list, $element);
      return $element;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an array of elements to this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Object[] array
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function addAll($array) {
      $original= $this->list;
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($array); $i < $s; $i++) {
        if (!is($this->_name, $array[$i])) {
          $this->list= $original;   // Rollback
          throw(new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
            'Element %d is not a %s (but %s)',
            $i,
            $this->class,
            xp::typeOf($array[$i])
          )));
        }
        $this->list[]= $array[$i];
      }
    }

    /**
     * Prepend an array of elements to this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Object[] array
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function prependAll($array) {
      $original= $this->list;
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($array); $i < $s; $i++) {
        if (!is($this->_name, $array[$i])) {
          $this->list= $original;   // Rollback
          throw(new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
            'Element %d is not a %s (but %s)',
            $i,
            $this->class,
            xp::typeOf($array[$i])
          )));
        }
        array_unshift($this->list, $array[$i]);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with 
     * the specified element.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @param   lang.Object element
     * @return  lang.Object the element previously at the specified position.
     */
    public function set($index, $element) {
      $orig= $this->list[$index];
      $this->list[$index]= $element;
      return $orig;
    }
        
    /**
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Object
     */
    public function get($index) {
      return @$this->list[$index];
    }
    
    /**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one 
     * from their indices).
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Object the element that was removed from the list
     */
    public function remove($index) {
      $element= $this->list[$index];
      unset($this->list[$index]);
      $this->list= array_values($this->list);
      return $element;
    }
    
    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will be empty 
     * after this call returns.
     *
     */
    public function clear() {
      $this->list= array();
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an array of this list's elements
     *
     * @return  lang.Object[]
     */
    public function values() {
      return array_values($this->list);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks if a value exists in this array
     *
     * @param   lang.Object element
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function contains($element) {
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($this->list); $i < $s; $i++) {
        if ($this->list[$i]->equals($element)) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Searches for the first occurence of the given argument
     *
     * @param   lang.Object element
     * @return  int offset where the element was found or FALSE
     */
    public function indexOf($element) {
    
      // Note: array_search() does NOT work for objects:
      //
      // <snip from="ext/standard/array.c">
      // if (Z_TYPE_PP(value) == IS_OBJECT) {
      //     php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Wrong datatype for first argument");
      //     RETURN_FALSE;
      // }
      // </snip>
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($this->list); $i < $s; $i++) {
        if ($this->list[$i]->equals($element)) return $i;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Searches for the last occurence of the given argument
     *
     * @param   lang.Object element
     * @return  int offset where the element was found or FALSE
     */
    public function lastIndexOf($element) {
      for ($i= sizeof($this->list)- 1; $i > -1; $i--) {
        if ($this->list[$i]->equals($element)) return $i;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $r= $this->getClassName().'<'.$this->class.">@{\n";
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($this->list); $i < $s; $i++) {
        $r.= '  '.$i.': '.str_replace("\n", "\n  ", xp::stringOf($this->list[$i]))."\n";
      } 
      return $r.'}';
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks if a specified object is equal to this object.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object collection
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($collection) {
      if (
        !$collection instanceof self ||
        $this->size() != $collection->size()
      ) return FALSE;
      
      // Compare element by element
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($this->list); $i < $s; $i++) {
        if ($this->list[$i]->equals($collection->list[$i])) continue;
        return FALSE;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: DynamicClassLoader.class.php 12236 2008-05-17 17:02:14Z friebe $
 */

  uses('lang.IClassLoader');

  /**
   * Dynamic class loader to define classes at runtime
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.ClassLoader::defineClass
   * @purpose  Dynamuc loading of classes
   */
  class DynamicClassLoader extends Object implements IClassLoader {
    protected
      $position = 0,
      $current  = '';

    public
      $context  = '';
    
    protected static
      $bytes    = array();
    
    static function __static() {
      stream_wrapper_register('dyn', __CLASS__);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor. 
     *
     * @param   string context
     */
    public function __construct($context= NULL) {
      $this->context= $context;
    }
    
    /**
     * Register new class' bytes
     *
     * @param   string fqcn
     * @param   string bytes
     */
    public function setClassBytes($fqcn, $bytes) {
      self::$bytes[$fqcn]= '<?php '.$bytes.' ?>';
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested class
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesClass($class) {
      return isset(self::$bytes[$class]);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested resource
     *
     * @param   string filename
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesResource($filename) {
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested package
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesPackage($package) {
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Load class bytes
     *
     * @param   string name fully qualified class name
     * @return  string
     */
    public function loadClassBytes($name) {
      return self::$bytes[$name];
    }
    
    /**
     * Loads a class
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @return  string class name of class loaded
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass0($class) {
      if (isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) return xp::reflect($class);

      xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]= 'lang.DynamicClassLoader://'.$this->context;
      if (!isset(self::$bytes[$class])) {
        unset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]);
        throw new ClassNotFoundException('Unknown class "'.$class.'"');
      }
      $package= NULL;
      if (FALSE === include('dyn://'.$class)) {
        throw new FormatException('Cannot define class "'.$class.'"');
      }

      $name= ($package ? strtr($package, '.', '�').'�' : '').xp::reflect($class);
      xp::$registry['class.'.$name]= $class;
      is_callable(array($name, '__static')) && call_user_func(array($name, '__static'));
      return $name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name io.File
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass($class) {
      return new XPClass($this->loadClass0($class));
    }

    /**
     * Fetch instance of classloader by path
     *
     * @param   string path the identifier
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader
     */
    public static function instanceFor($path) {
      static $pool= array();
      
      if (!isset($pool[$path])) {
        $pool[$path]= new self($path);
      }
      
      return $pool[$path];
    }

    /**
     * Get package contents
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  string[] filenames
     */
    public function packageContents($package) {
      return array();
    }

    /**
     * Loads a resource.
     *
     * @param   string filename name of resource
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResource($filename) {
      raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load resource '.$filename);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream to the resource
     *
     * @param   string filename name of resource
     * @return  io.File
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResourceAsStream($filename) {
      raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load resource '.$filename);
    }
    
    /**
     * Stream wrapper method stream_open
     *
     * @param   string path
     * @param   int mode
     * @param   int options
     * @param   string opened_path
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function stream_open($path, $mode, $options, $opened_path) {
      sscanf($path, 'dyn://%[^$]', $this->current);
      if (!isset(self::$bytes[$this->current])) {
        raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load '.$this->current);
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Stream wrapper method stream_read
     *
     * @param   int count
     * @return  string
     */
    public function stream_read($count) {
      $bytes= substr(self::$bytes[$this->current], $this->position, $count);
      $this->position+= strlen($bytes);
      return $bytes;
    }
    
    /**
     * Stream wrapper method stream_eof
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function stream_eof() {
      // Leave function body empty to optimize speed
      // See http://bugs.php.net/40047
      // 
      // return $this->position >= strlen(self::$bytes[$this->current]);
    }
    
    /**
     * Stream wrapper method stream_stat
     *
     * @return  array<string, string>
     */
    public function stream_stat() {
      return array(
        'size'  => strlen(self::$bytes[$this->current])
      );
    }

    /**
     * Stream wrapper method stream_seek
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @param   int whence
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function stream_seek($offset, $whence) {
      switch ($whence) {
        case SEEK_SET: $this->position= $offset; break;
        case SEEK_CUR: $this->position+= $offset; break;
        case SEEK_END: $this->position= strlen(self::$bytes[$this->current]); break;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }

    /**
     * Stream wrapper method stream_tell
     *
     * @return  int offset
     */
    public function stream_tell() {
      return $this->position;
    }
    
    /**
     * Stream wrapper method url_stat
     *
     * @param   string path
     * @return  array<string, string>
     */
    public function url_stat($path) {
      list($name)= sscanf($path, 'dyn://%s');
      return array(
        'size'  => strlen(self::$bytes[$name])
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ElementNotFoundException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $
 */
 
  /**
   * Encapsulates ElementNotFoundException
   *
   * @see Exception
   */
  class ElementNotFoundException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Enum.class.php 11952 2008-03-24 20:46:29Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Enumeration
   *
   * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/222/2007/11/12/
   * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/207/2007/07/29/
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.EnumTest
   * @purpose  Abstract base class   
   */
  abstract class Enum extends Object {
    public
      $name     = '';
    
    protected
      $ordinal  = 0;
  
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   int ordinal default 0
     * @param   string name default ''
     */
    public function __construct($ordinal= 0, $name= '') {
      $this->ordinal= $ordinal;
      $this->name= $name;
    }
  
    /**
     * Returns the enumeration member uniquely identified by 
     *
     * @param   lang.XPClass class class object
     * @param   string name enumeration member
     * @return  lang.Enum
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case the enum member does not exist or when the given class is not an enum
     */
    public static function valueOf(XPClass $class, $name) {
      if (!$class->isEnum()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Argument class must be lang.XPClass<? extends lang.Enum>');
      }
      try {
        return $class->_reflect->getStaticPropertyValue($name);
      } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException($e->getMessage());
      }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the enumeration member uniquely identified by 
     *
     * @param   lang.XPClass class class object
     * @return  lang.Enum[]
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case the given class is not an enum
     */
    public static function valuesOf(XPClass $class) {
      if (!$class->isEnum()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Argument class must be lang.XPClass<? extends lang.Enum>');
      }
      try {
        return array_values($class->_reflect->getStaticProperties());
      } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException($e->getMessage());
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Clone interceptor - ensures enums cannot be cloned
     *
     * @throws  lang.CloneNotSupportedException
     */
    public final function __clone() {
      raise('lang.CloneNotSupportedException', 'Enums cannot be cloned');
    }

    /**
     * Returns the name of this enum constant, exactly as declared in its 
     * enum declaration.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function name() {
      return $this->name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the ordinal of this enumeration constant (its position in 
     * its enum declaration, where the initial constant is assigned an 
     * ordinal of zero).
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function ordinal() {
      return $this->ordinal;
    }

    /**
     * Create a string representation of this enum
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns all members for a given enum.
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @return  lang.Enum[]
     */
    protected static function membersOf($class) {
      $c= new ReflectionClass($class);
      return array_values($c->getStaticProperties());
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Error.class.php 2343 2003-09-21 17:53:57Z friebe $
 */
 
 
  uses('lang.Throwable');
  
  /**
   * An Error is a subclass of Throwable that indicates serious problems 
   * that a reasonable application should not try to catch. Most such 
   * errors are abnormal conditions.
   *
   * @purpose  Base class for all other errors
   * @see      http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/exceptions/definition.html
   * @see      http://jinx.swiki.net/352
   * @see      http://www.artima.com/designtechniques/exceptions.html
   * @see      http://www.artima.com/designtechniques/desexcept.html
   */
  class Error extends Throwable {
     
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 * 
 * $Id: FileSystemClassLoader.class.php 11996 2008-04-05 16:23:42Z friebe $
 */
 
  uses('lang.IClassLoader');
  
  /** 
   * Loads a class from the filesystem
   * 
   * @purpose  Load classes
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass#forName
   */
  class FileSystemClassLoader extends Object implements IClassLoader {
    public 
      $path= '';
    
    /**
     * Constructor. 
     *
     * The path argument is optional and lets you define where to search for
     * classes (it will be prefixed to the class name)
     *
     * @param   string path default '' file system path
     */
    public function __construct($path= '') {
      $this->path= rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether two class loaders are equal
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $cmp->path === $this->path;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a string representation
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName(). '<'.$this->path.'>';
    }

    /**
     * Load class bytes
     *
     * @param   string name fully qualified class name
     * @return  string
     */
    public function loadClassBytes($name) {
      return file_get_contents($this->path.strtr($name, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested class
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesClass($class) {
      return is_file($this->path.strtr($class, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested resource
     *
     * @param   string filename
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesResource($filename) {
      return is_file($this->path.$filename);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested package
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesPackage($package) {
      return is_dir($this->path.strtr($package, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR));
    }
    
    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name io.File
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass($class) {
      return new XPClass($this->loadClass0($class));
    }

    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name io.File
     * @return  string class name
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass0($class) {
      if (isset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class])) return xp::reflect($class);

      xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]= 'lang.FileSystemClassLoader://'.$this->path;
      $package= NULL;
      if (FALSE === include($this->path.strtr($class, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT)) {
        unset(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$class]);
        throw new ClassNotFoundException('Class "'.$class.'" not found');
      }
      $name= ($package ? strtr($package, '.', '�').'�' : '').xp::reflect($class);
      xp::$registry['class.'.$name]= $class;
      is_callable(array($name, '__static')) && call_user_func(array($name, '__static'));
      return $name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Loads a resource.
     *
     * @param   string filename name of resource
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResource($filename) {
      if (!is_file($this->path.strtr($filename, '/', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR))) {
        return raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load resource '.$filename);
      }
      return file_get_contents($this->path.$filename);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream to the resource
     *
     * @param   string filename name of resource
     * @return  io.File
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResourceAsStream($filename) {
      if (!is_file($this->path.strtr($filename, '/', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR))) {
        return raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'Could not load resource '.$filename);
      }
      return new File($this->path.$filename);
    }

    /**
     * Fetch instance of classloader by the path to the archive
     *
     * @param   string path
     * @param   bool expand default TRUE whether to expand the path using realpath
     * @return  lang.FileSystemClassLoader
     */
    public static function instanceFor($path, $expand= TRUE) {
      static $pool= array();
      
      $path= $expand ? realpath($path) : $path;
      if (!isset($pool[$path])) {
        $pool[$path]= new self($path);
      }
      
      return $pool[$path];
    }

    /**
     * Get package contents
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  string[] filenames
     */
    public function packageContents($package) {
      $contents= array();
      if ($d= @dir($this->path.strtr($package, '.', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR))) {
        while ($e= $d->read()) {
          if ('.' != $e{0}) $contents[]= $e.(is_dir($d->path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$e) ? '/' : '');
        }
        $d->close();
      }
      return $contents;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: FormatException.class.php 9019 2006-12-29 12:57:43Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * Encapsulates FormatException
   *
   * @see   xp://lang.XPException
   */
  class FormatException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Generic.class.php 9090 2007-01-03 13:57:55Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * Class Object is the root of the class hierarchy. Every class has 
   * Object as a superclass. 
   *
   * @purpose  Base class for all others
   */
  interface Generic {
    
    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode();
    
    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool TRUE if the compared object is equal to this object
     */
    public function equals($cmp);
    
    /** 
     * Returns the fully qualified class name for this class 
     * (e.g. "io.File")
     * 
     * @return  string fully qualified class name
     */
    public function getClassName();

    /**
     * Returns the runtime class of an object.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass runtime class
     * @see     xp://lang.XPClass
     */
    public function getClass();

    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this object. In general, the toString 
     * method returns a string that "textually represents" this object. The result 
     * should be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a 
     * person to read. It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
     * 
     * Per default, this method returns:
     * <xmp>
     *   [fully-qualified-class-name]@[serialized-object]
     * </xmp>
     * 
     * Example:
     * <xmp>
     * lang.Object@class object {
     *   var $__id = '0.06823200 1062749651';
     * }
     * </xmp>
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString();
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IClassLoader.class.php 10285 2007-05-08 15:24:18Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.ClassNotFoundException');

  /**
   * Classloader interface
   *
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface IClassLoader {

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested class
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesClass($class);
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested resource
     *
     * @param   string filename
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesResource($filename);

    /**
     * Checks whether this loader can provide the requested package
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesPackage($package);

    /**
     * Get package contents
     *
     * @param   string package
     * @return  string[] filenames
     */
    public function packageContents($package);

    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name io.File
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass($class);

    /**
     * Load the class by the specified name
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name io.File
     * @return  string class name
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException in case the class can not be found
     */
    public function loadClass0($class);
    
    /**
     * Loads a resource.
     *
     * @param   string string name of resource
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResource($string);
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream to the resource
     *
     * @param   string string name of resource
     * @return  io.Stream
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResourceAsStream($string);

  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IllegalAccessException.class.php 9019 2006-12-29 12:57:43Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * An IllegalAccessException is thrown when an object is accessed 
   * in a way for which no permissions exist.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.XPException
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class IllegalAccessException extends XPException {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IllegalArgumentException.class.php 9019 2006-12-29 12:57:43Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * Thrown to indicate that a method has been passed an illegal or 
   * inappropriate argument.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.XPException
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class IllegalArgumentException extends XPException {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IllegalStateException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $
 */
 
  /**
   * Encapsulates IllegalStateException
   *
   * @see Exception
   */
  class IllegalStateException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IllegalThreadStateException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $ 
 */

  /**
   * Indicate a thread is already running
   *
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class IllegalThreadStateException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IndexOutOfBoundsException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $ 
 */

  /**
   * Thrown to indicate that an index of some sort (such as to an array, 
   * to a string, or to a vector) is out of range.
   *
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class IndexOutOfBoundsException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: MethodNotImplementedException.class.php 9019 2006-12-29 12:57:43Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * Wrapper for MethodNotImplementedException
   *
   * This exception indicates a certain class method is not
   * implemented.
   */
  class MethodNotImplementedException extends XPException {
    public
      $method= '';
      
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string message
     * @param   string method
     * @see     xp://lang.XPException#construct
     */
    public function __construct($message, $method) {
      parent::__construct($message);
      $this->method= $method;
    }

    /**
     * Return compound message of this exception.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function compoundMessage() {
      return sprintf(
        'Exception %s (method %s(): %s)',
        $this->getClassName(),
        $this->method,
        $this->message
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: NullPointerException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $ 
 */

  /**
   * Indicates a method was tried to be called or a property was tried 
   * to be accessed on a non-object.
   *
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class NullPointerException extends XPException {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Object.class.php 9090 2007-01-03 13:57:55Z friebe $
 */
 
  uses('lang.Generic');
 
  /**
   * Class Object is the root of the class hierarchy. Every class has 
   * Object as a superclass. 
   *
   * @purpose  Base class for all others
   */
  class Object implements Generic {
    public $__id;
    
    /**
     * Cloning handler
     *
     */
    public function __clone() {
      if (!$this->__id) $this->__id= microtime();
      $this->__id= microtime();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      if (!$this->__id) $this->__id= microtime();
      return $this->__id;
    }
    
    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool TRUE if the compared object is equal to this object
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      if (!$this->__id) $this->__id= microtime();
      if (!$cmp->__id) $cmp->__id= microtime();
      return $this === $cmp;
    }
    
    /** 
     * Returns the fully qualified class name for this class 
     * (e.g. "io.File")
     * 
     * @return  string fully qualified class name
     */
    public function getClassName() {
      return xp::nameOf(get_class($this));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the runtime class of an object.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass runtime class
     * @see     xp://lang.XPClass
     */
    public function getClass() {
      return new XPClass($this);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this object. In general, the toString 
     * method returns a string that "textually represents" this object. The result 
     * should be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a 
     * person to read. It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
     * 
     * Per default, this method returns:
     * <xmp>
     *   [fully-qualified-class-name] '{' [members-and-value-list] '}'
     * </xmp>
     * 
     * Example:
     * <xmp>
     *   lang.Object {
     *     __id => "0.43080500 1158148350"
     *   }
     * </xmp>
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      if (!$this->__id) $this->__id= microtime();
      return xp::stringOf($this);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: package-info.xp 11897 2008-03-22 23:08:09Z friebe $
 */

/**
 * The lang package contains the core classes of the XP framework.
 *
 * Basics
 * ======
 * This includes the Object class from which all other classes extend 
 * and the Throwable class from which all exceptions and errors extend.
 * Both of these classes implement the Generic interface.
 *
 * Methods available in all objects and defined via the Generic
 * interface are:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>public string hashCode()</li>
 *   <li>public bool equals(lang.Object cmp)</li>
 *   <li>public string getClassName()</li>
 *   <li>public lang.XPClass getClass()</li>
 *   <li>public string toString()</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * Note: getClassName() is not only a shorthand for getClass()->getName() 
 * but also significantly faster than the latter.
 *
 * Classes and reflection
 * ======================
 * Every object has an XPClass instance associated with it, providing
 * reflective information about the runtime class. This includes a fully
 * qualified class name (e.g. "util.Date"), annotations support, class
 * fields,  methods, constructors and their modifiers as well as methods 
 * to dynamically access these.
 *
 * Class loading
 * =============
 * The lang package contains the default classloader class which takes 
 * care of loading classes from the file system. Loading classes from 
 * archive files (xars) is supported by the lang.archive package.
 *
 * Process control
 * ===============
 * The Process and Thread classes implement process execution and 
 * control. They are complemented with the System class which provides
 * information about the underlying operating system.
 *
 * Chained exceptions
 * ==================
 * Not all exceptions in the framework have a cause. Exceptions that 
 * choose to have a cause may extend the lang.ChainedException class.
 *
 * Example (abbreviated):
 * <code>
 *   class FinderException extends ChainedException { }
 *   
 *   class NewsFinder extends Finder {
 *     public function findByPK($pk) {
 *       try {
 *         $r= $this->conn->query('select * from news where news_id= %d', $pk)->next();
 *       } catch (SQLException $e) {
 *         throw new FinderException('Error while finding news id #'.$pk, $e);
 *       }
 *       if (FALSE === $r) {
 *         throw new FinderException(
 *           'News id #'.$pk.' does not exist', 
 *           new ElementNotFoundException($pk)
 *         );
 *       }
 *       return $r;
 *     }
 *   }
 *   
 *   $news= new NewsFinder();
 *   try {
 *     $news->findByPK(10250);
 *   } catch (FinderException $e) {
 *     Console::writeLine('*** ', $e->getMessage(), ' caused by: ', $e->getCause());
 *   }
 * </code>
 *
 * Classes loaded per default
 * ==========================
 * These classes are guaranteed to be loaded at any given time:
 *
 * lang.Object, lang.StackTraceElement, lang.Throwable, lang.Error, 
 * lang.XPException, lang.Type, lang.reflect.Routine, lang.reflect.Parameter, 
 * lang.reflect.TargetInvocationException, lang.reflect.Method, 
 * lang.reflect.Field, lang.reflect.Constructor, lang.reflect.Modifiers, 
 * lang.reflect.Package, lang.XPClass, lang.FileSystemClassLoader, 
 * lang.DynamicClassLoader, lang.archive.ArchiveClassLoader, lang.ClassLoader
 *
 * These exceptions are guaranteed to be loaded at any given time:
 *
 * lang.ChainedException, lang.NullPointerException, lang.IllegalAccessException, 
 * lang.IllegalArgumentException, lang.IllegalStateException, 
 * lang.FormatException, lang.ClassNotFoundException, 
 * 
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/11/2004/11/23/
 * @see      xp://lang.Throwable
 * @see      xp://lang.Object
 * @see      xp://lang.Generic
 * @see      xp://lang.XPClass
 * @see      xp://lang.Process
 * @purpose  Core
 */
package lang {
}
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Primitive.class.php 11590 2007-12-24 15:10:24Z friebe $
 */

  uses(
    'lang.Type',
    'lang.types.String',
    'lang.types.Integer',
    'lang.types.Double',
    'lang.types.Boolean',
    'lang.types.ArrayList'
  );

  /**
   * Represents primitive types:
   * 
   * <ul>
   *   <li>string</li>
   *   <li>integer</li>
   *   <li>double</li>
   *   <li>boolean</li>
   *   <li>array</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.PrimitiveTest 
   * @see      xp://lang.Type
   * @purpose  Type implementation
   */
  class Primitive extends Type {
    public static
      $STRING  = NULL,
      $INTEGER = NULL,
      $DOUBLE  = NULL,
      $BOOLEAN = NULL,
      $ARRAY   = NULL;
    
    static function __static() {
      self::$STRING= new self('string');
      self::$INTEGER= new self('integer');
      self::$DOUBLE= new self('double');
      self::$BOOLEAN= new self('boolean');
      self::$ARRAY= new self('array');
    }
    
    /**
     * Boxes a type - that is, turns Generics into primitives
     *
     * @param   mixed in
     * @return  mixed the primitive if not already primitive
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case in cannot be unboxed.
     */
    public static function unboxed($in) {
      if ($in instanceof String) return $in->toString();
      if ($in instanceof Double) return $in->floatValue();
      if ($in instanceof Integer) return $in->intValue();
      if ($in instanceof Boolean) return $in->value;
      if ($in instanceof ArrayList) return $in->values;
      if ($in instanceof Generic) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot unbox '.xp::typeOf($in));
      }
      return $in; // Already primitive
    }
  
    /**
     * Boxes a type - that is, turns primitives into Generics
     *
     * @param   mixed in
     * @return  lang.Generic the Generic if not already generic
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case in cannot be boxed.
     */
    public static function boxed($in) {
      if (NULL === $in || $in instanceof Generic) return $in;
      $t= gettype($in);
      if ('string' === $t) return new String($in);
      if ('integer' === $t) return new Integer($in);
      if ('double' === $t) return new Double($in);
      if ('boolean' === $t) return new Boolean($in);
      if ('array' === $t) return ArrayList::newInstance($in);
      throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot box '.xp::typeOf($in));
    }
    
    /**
     * Get a type instance for a given name
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.Type
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if the given name does not correspond to a primitive
     */
    public static function forName($name) {
      switch ($name) {
        case 'string': return self::$STRING;
        case 'integer': return self::$INTEGER;
        case 'double': return self::$DOUBLE;
        case 'boolean': return self::$BOOLEAN;
        case 'array': return self::$ARRAY;
        default: throw new IllegalArgumentException('Not a primitive: '.$name);
      }
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Process.class.php 12249 2008-05-28 19:25:48Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('io.File');

  /**
   * Process
   *
   * Example (get uptime information on a *NIX system)
   * <code>
   *   $p= new Process('uptime');
   *   $uptime= $p->out->readLine();
   *   $p->close();
   *
   *   var_dump($uptime);
   * </code>
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.ProcessTest
   * @see      xp://lang.Runtime#getExecutable
   * @see      php://proc_open
   * @purpose  Execute external programs
   */
  class Process extends Object {
    public
      $in     = NULL,
      $out    = NULL,
      $err    = NULL,
      $exitv  = -1;
      
    protected
      $_proc  = NULL,
      $status = array();

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string command default NULL
     * @param   string[] arguments default []
     * @param   string cwd default NULL the working directory
     * @param   array<string, string> default NULL the environment
     * @throws  io.IOException in case the command could not be executed
     */
    public function __construct($command= NULL, $arguments= array(), $cwd= NULL, $env= NULL) {
      static $spec= array(
        0 => array('pipe', 'r'),  // stdin
        1 => array('pipe', 'w'),  // stdout
        2 => array('pipe', 'w')   // stderr
      );
      
      // For `new self()` used in getProcessById()
      if (NULL === $command) return;

      // Check whether the given command is executable.
      $binary= $this->resolve($command);
      if (!is_executable($binary)) {
        throw new IOException('Command "'.$binary.'" is not executable');
      }
      
      // Build command line
      $cmd= $command.' '.implode(' ', $arguments);

      // Open process
      if (!is_resource($this->_proc= proc_open($cmd, $spec, $pipes, $cwd, $env))) {
        throw new IOException('Could not execute "'.$cmd.'"');
      }

      $this->status= proc_get_status($this->_proc);
      $this->status['exe']= $binary;

      // Assign in, out and err members
      $this->in= new File($pipes[0]);
      $this->out= new File($pipes[1]);
      $this->err= new File($pipes[2]);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance of this process.
     *
     * @param   string[] arguments default []
     * @param   string cwd default NULL the working directory
     * @param   array<string, string> default NULL the environment
     * @throws  io.IOException in case the command could not be executed
     */
    public function newInstance($arguments= array(), $cwd= NULL, $env= NULL) {
      return new self($this->status['exe'], $arguments, $cwd, $env);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve path for a command
     *
     * @param   string command
     * @return  string executable
     * @throws  io.IOException in case the command could not be found
     */
    public function resolve($command) {
      clearstatcache();
    
      // If the command is in fully qualified form and refers to a file
      // that does not exist (e.g. "C:\DoesNotExist.exe", "\DoesNotExist.com"
      // or /usr/bin/doesnotexist), do not attempt to search for it.
      if (
        (strncasecmp(PHP_OS, 'Win', 3) === 0 && ':' === $command{1}) || 
        (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR === $command{0})
      ) {
        if (file_exists($command)) return realpath($command);
        throw new IOException('"'.$command.'" does not exist');
      }

      // Check the PATH environment setting for possible locations of the 
      // executable if its name is not a fully qualified path name.
      $paths= explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, getenv('PATH'));
      $extensions= array('') + explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, getenv('PATHEXT'));
      foreach ($paths as $path) {
        foreach ($extensions as $ext) {
          if (!file_exists($q= $path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$command.$ext)) continue;
          return realpath($q);
        }
      }
      
      throw new IOException('Could not find "'.$command.'" in path');
    }

    /**
     * Get a process by process ID
     *
     * @param   int pid process id
     * @return  lang.Process
     * @throws  lang.IllegalStateException
     */
    public static function getProcessById($pid) {
      $self= new self();
      $self->status= array(
        'pid'       => $pid, 
        'running'   => TRUE
      );
      
      // Determine executable and command line:
      // * On Windows, use Windows Management Instrumentation API - see
      //   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation
      //
      // * On systems with a /proc filesystem, use information from /proc/self
      //   See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs
      //
      // * Fall back to use the "_" environment variable and /bin/ps to retrieve
      //   the command line (please note unfortunately any quote signs have been 
      //   lost and it can thus be only used for display purposes)
      //
      // Note: It would be really nice to have a getmyexe() function in PHP
      // complementing getmypid().
      if (strncasecmp(PHP_OS, 'Win', 3) === 0) {
        try {
          $c= new Com('winmgmts:');
          $p= $c->get('//./root/cimv2:Win32_Process.Handle="'.$pid.'"');
          $self->status['exe']= $p->executablePath;
          $self->status['command']= $p->commandLine;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
          throw new IllegalStateException('Cannot find executable: '.$e->getMessage());
        }
      } else if (file_exists($proc= '/proc/'.$pid)) {
        $self->status['exe']= readlink($proc.'/exe');
        $self->status['command']= strtr($proc.'/cmdline', "\0", ' ');
      } else if ($_= getenv('_')) {
        $self->status['exe']= realpath($_);
        $self->status['command']= exec('ps -p '.$pid.' -ocommand');
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException('Cannot find executable');
      }
      $self->in= xp::null();
      $self->out= xp::null();
      $self->err= xp::null();
      return $self;
    }
    
    /**
     * Get process ID
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function getProcessId() {
      return $this->status['pid'];
    }
    
    /**
     * Get filename of executable
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getFilename() {
      return $this->status['exe'];
    }

    /**
     * Get command line
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getCommandLine() {
      return $this->status['command'];
    }
    
    /**
     * Get error stream
     *
     * @return  io.File STDERR
     */
    public function getErrorStream() {
      return $this->err;
    }

    /**
     * Get input stream
     *
     * @return  io.File STDIN
     */
    public function getInputStream() {
      return $this->in;
    }
    
    /**
     * Get output stream
     *
     * @return  io.File STDOUT
     */
    public function getOutputStream() {
      return $this->out;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the exit value for the process
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function exitValue() {
      return $this->exitv;
    }
    
    /**
     * Close this process
     *
     * @return  int exit value of process
     */
    public function close() {
      $this->in->isOpen() && $this->in->close();
      $this->out->isOpen() && $this->out->close();
      $this->err->isOpen() && $this->err->close();
      $this->exitv= proc_close($this->_proc);
      return $this->exitv;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Constructor.class.php 11802 2008-03-08 11:08:45Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.reflect.Routine');

  /**
   * Represents a class' constructor
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Routine
   * @purpose  Reflection
   */
  class Constructor extends Routine {

    /**
     * Uses the constructor represented by this Constructor object to create 
     * and initialize a new instance of the constructor's declaring class, 
     * with the specified initialization parameters.
     *
     * Example:
     * <code>
     *   $constructor= XPClass::forName('utl.Binford')->getConstructor();
     *
     *   var_dump($constructor->newInstance());
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   mixed[] args
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  lang.IllegalAccessException in case the constructor is not public or if it is abstract
     * @throws  lang.reflect.TargetInvocationException in case the constructor throws an exception
     */
    public function newInstance(array $args= array()) {

      // Check whether class is abstract
      if ($this->_reflect->getDeclaringClass()->isAbstract()) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException('Cannot instantiate abstract class '.$this->_class);
      }

      // Check modifers
      $m= $this->_reflect->getModifiers();
      if (!($m & MODIFIER_PUBLIC) || $m & MODIFIER_ABSTRACT) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException(sprintf(
          'Cannot invoke %s constructor of class %s',
          Modifiers::stringOf($this->getModifiers()),
          $this->_class
        ));
      }
      
      $paramstr= '';
      for ($i= 0, $m= sizeof($args); $i < $m; $i++) {
        $paramstr.= ', $args['.$i.']';
      }
      
      try {
        return eval('return new '.$this->_class.'('.substr($paramstr, 2).');');
      } catch (Throwable $e) {
        throw new TargetInvocationException($this->_class.'::<init>', $e);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve return type
     *
     * @return  lang.Type
     */
    public function getReturnType() {
      return XPClass::forName(xp::nameOf($this->_class));
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve return type
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getReturnTypeName() {
      return xp::nameOf($this->_class);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Field.class.php 11582 2007-12-24 14:04:12Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Represents a class field
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.FieldsTest
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass
   * @purpose  Reflection
   */
  class Field extends Object {
    protected
      $_class   = NULL;

    public
      $_reflect = NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @param   php.ReflectionProperty reflect
     */    
    public function __construct($class, $reflect) {
      $this->_class= $class;
      $this->_reflect= $reflect;
    }

    /**
     * Get field's name.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getName() {
      return $this->_reflect->getName();
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets field type
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getType() {
      if ($details= XPClass::detailsForField($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName())) {
        if (isset($details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS]['type'])) return $details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS]['type'];
      }
      return NULL;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the XPClass object representing the class or interface 
     * that declares the field represented by this Field object.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     */
    public function getDeclaringClass() {
      return new XPClass($this->_reflect->getDeclaringClass()->getName());
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the value of the field represented by this Field, on the 
     * specified object.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object instance
     * @return  mixed  
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case the passed object is not an instance of the declaring class
     * @throws  lang.IllegalAccessException in case this field is not public
     */
    public function get($instance) {
    
      // Verify the field is public
      if (!($this->_reflect->getModifiers() & MODIFIER_PUBLIC)) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException('Cannot read '.$this->toString());
      }

      // Short-circuit further checks for static members
      if ($this->_reflect->isStatic()) {
        return $this->_reflect->getValue(NULL);
      }

      // Verify given instance is instance of the class declaring this 
      // property
      if (!($instance instanceof $this->_class)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
          'Passed argument is not a %s class (%s)',
          xp::nameOf($this->_class),
          xp::typeOf($instance)
        ));
      }


      return $this->_reflect->getValue($instance);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve this field's modifiers
     *
     * @see     xp://lang.reflect.Modifiers
     * @return  int
     */    
    public function getModifiers() {
      return $this->_reflect->getModifiers();
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this field
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $t= $this->getType();
      return sprintf(
        '%s%s %s::$%s',
        Modifiers::stringOf($this->getModifiers()),
        $t ? ' '.$t : '',
        $this->getDeclaringClass()->getName(),
        $this->getName()
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: InvocationHandler.class.php 8971 2006-12-27 15:27:10Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * InvocationHandle is the interface implemented by
   * the invocation handler of a proxy instance.
   *
   * Each proxy instance has an associated invocation handler.
   * When a method is invoked on a proxy instance, the method
   * invocation is encoded and dispatched to the invoke
   * method of its invocation handler.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Proxy
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface InvocationHandler {
  
    /**
     * Processes a method invocation on a proxy instance and returns
     * the result.
     *
     * @param   lang.reflect.Proxy proxy
     * @param   string method the method name
     * @param   mixed* args an array of arguments
     * @return  mixed
     */
    public function invoke($proxy, $method, $args);
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Method.class.php 12055 2008-04-14 09:54:58Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.reflect.Routine');

  /**
   * Represents a class method
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.MethodsTest
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Routine
   * @purpose  Reflection
   */
  class Method extends Routine {

    /**
     * Invokes the underlying method represented by this Method object, 
     * on the specified object with the specified parameters.
     *
     * Example:
     * <code>
     *   $method= XPClass::forName('lang.Object')->getMethod('toString');
     *
     *   var_dump($method->invoke(new Object()));
     * </code>
     *
     * Example (passing arguments)
     * <code>
     *   $method= XPClass::forName('lang.types.String')->getMethod('concat');
     *
     *   var_dump($method->invoke(new String('Hello'), array('World')));
     * </code>
     *
     * Example (static invokation):
     * <code>
     *   $method= XPClass::forName('util.log.Logger')->getMethod('getInstance');
     *
     *   var_dump($method->invoke(NULL));
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   lang.Object obj
     * @param   mixed[] args default array()
     * @return  mixed
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case the passed object is not an instance of the declaring class
     * @throws  lang.IllegalAccessException in case the method is not public or if it is abstract
     */
    public function invoke($obj, $args= array()) {
      if (NULL !== $obj && !($obj instanceof $this->_class)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
          'Passed argument is not a %s class (%s)',
          xp::nameOf($this->_class),
          xp::typeOf($obj)
        ));
      }
      
      // Check modifers
      $m= $this->_reflect->getModifiers();
      if (!($m & MODIFIER_PUBLIC) || $m & MODIFIER_ABSTRACT) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException(sprintf(
          'Cannot invoke %s %s::%s',
          Modifiers::stringOf($this->getModifiers()),
          $this->_class,
          $this->_reflect->getName()
        ));
      }

      try {
        return $this->_reflect->invokeArgs($obj, (array)$args);
      } catch (Throwable $e) {
        throw new TargetInvocationException($this->_class.'::'.$this->_reflect->getName().'() ~ '.$e->getMessage(), $e);
      } catch (ReflectionException $e) {

        // This should never occur, we checked everything beforehand...
        throw new TargetInvocationException($this->_class.'::'.$this->_reflect->getName().'() ~ '.$e->getMessage(), new XPException($e->getMessage()));
      }
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Modifiers.class.php 9082 2007-01-03 12:09:01Z friebe $ 
 */

  define('MODIFIER_STATIC',       1);
  define('MODIFIER_ABSTRACT',     2);
  define('MODIFIER_FINAL',        4);
  define('MODIFIER_PUBLIC',     256);
  define('MODIFIER_PROTECTED',  512);
  define('MODIFIER_PRIVATE',   1024);

  /**
   * This class provides static methods to convert the numerical value
   * access modifiers (public, private, protected, final, abstract, 
   * static) are encoded in (as a bitfield) into strings.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Routine#getModifiers
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Field#getModifiers
   * @purpose  Reflection utility
   */
  class Modifiers extends Object {

    /**
     * Returns TRUE when the given modifiers include the public modifier.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function isPublic($m) {
      return 0 === $m || MODIFIER_PUBLIC == ($m & MODIFIER_PUBLIC);
    }

    /**
     * Returns TRUE when the given modifiers include the private modifier.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function isPrivate($m) {
      return MODIFIER_PRIVATE == ($m & MODIFIER_PRIVATE);
    }

    /**
     * Returns TRUE when the given modifiers include the protected modifier.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function isProtected($m) {
      return MODIFIER_PROTECTED == ($m & MODIFIER_PROTECTED);
    }

    /**
     * Returns TRUE when the given modifiers include the abstract modifier.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function isAbstract($m) {
      return MODIFIER_ABSTRACT == ($m & MODIFIER_ABSTRACT);
    }

    /**
     * Returns TRUE when the given modifiers include the final modifier.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function isFinal($m) {
      return MODIFIER_FINAL == ($m & MODIFIER_FINAL);
    }

    /**
     * Returns TRUE when the given modifiers include the static modifier.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function isStatic($m) {
      return MODIFIER_STATIC == ($m & MODIFIER_STATIC);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves modifier names as an array. The order in which the 
     * modifiers are returned is the following:
     *
     * <pre>
     *   [access] static abstract final
     * </pre>
     * [access] is one on public, private or protected.
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  string[]
     */
    public static function namesOf($m) {
      $names= array();
      switch ($m & (MODIFIER_PUBLIC | MODIFIER_PROTECTED | MODIFIER_PRIVATE)) {
        case MODIFIER_PRIVATE: $names[]= 'private'; break;
        case MODIFIER_PROTECTED: $names[]= 'protected'; break;
        case MODIFIER_PUBLIC: default: $names[]= 'public'; break;
      }
      if ($m & MODIFIER_STATIC) $names[]= 'static';
      if ($m & MODIFIER_ABSTRACT) $names[]= 'abstract';
      if ($m & MODIFIER_FINAL) $names[]= 'final';
      return $names;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves modifier names as a string
     *
     * @param   int m modifiers bitfield
     * @return  string
     */
    public static function stringOf($m) {
      return implode(' ', self::namesOf($m));
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: package-info.xp 12156 2008-05-04 12:04:40Z friebe $
 */

/**
 * The reflection package offers runtime access to class details. Most 
 * of the classes are supplements to lang.XPClass, instances of which
 * can be retrieved either by $object->getClass(), XPClass::forName()
 * or by ClassLoader methods.
 *
 * Common use-cases
 * ================
 * Instantiating a class by its name:
 * <code>
 *   $now= XPClass::forName('util.Date')->newInstance();
 * </code>
 *
 * Invoking a method by its name:
 * <code>
 *   $c= XPClass::forName('util.Binford');
 *   $c->getMethod('setPoweredBy')->invoke($c->newInstance(), array(6100));
 * </code>
 *
 * Retrieving annotations:
 * <code>
 *   $s= $service->getClass()->getMethod($invoked)->getAnnotation('security');
 *   if (!in_array($role, $s['roles'])) {
 *     throw new IllegalAccessException('Access denied to '.$invoked);
 *   }
 * </code>
 *
 * Dynamic Proxies
 * ===============
 * The proxy class serves the purpose of dynamically creating instances
 * of interfaces. Use cases are remote method invocations, deferred 
 * initialization or debugging.
 *
 * Around-Invoke:
 * <code>
 *  // Exchange the following:
 *  $account= new Account();
 *
 *  // ...with this:
 *  $account= Proxy::newProxyInstance(
 *    ClassLoader::getDefault(),
 *    array(XPClass::forName('com.acme.banking.IAccount')),
 *    newinstance('lang.reflect.InvocationHandler', array(new Account()), '{
 *      public function __construct($wrapped) {
 *        $this->wrapped= $wrapped;
 *      }
 *
 *      public function invoke($proxy, $method, $args) {
 *        if ("transfer" == $method && $args[0] > 1000000) {
 *          throw new IllegalAccessException("Too much money");
 *        }
 *        return call_user_func_array(array($this->wrapped, $method), $args);
 *      }
 *    }')
 *  );
 *
 *  $account->transfer(50);
 *  $account->transfer(1000001);   // BLAM
 * </code>
 *
 * @see      http://developer.xp-framework.net/xml/rfc/view?0030
 * @see      xp://lang.Generic#getClass
 * @see      xp://lang.XPClass#forName
 * @see      xp://lang.ClassLoader#loadClass
 * @see      xp://lang.ClassLoader#defineClass
 * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Proxy
 * @purpose  Reflection
 */
package lang.reflect {
}
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Package.class.php 11973 2008-03-29 19:20:06Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Represents a package
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.PackageTest
   * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/187/2007/05/12/
   * @purpose  Reflection
   */
  class Package extends Object {
    protected
      $name= '';

    /**
     * Gets the fully qualified package name
     *
     * @return  string
     */  
    public function getName() {
      return $this->name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks if a specific class is provided by this package
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesClass($name) { 
      return ClassLoader::getDefault()->providesClass($this->name.'.'.$name);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a specific subpackage is provided by this package
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesPackage($name) { 
      return ClassLoader::getDefault()->providesPackage($this->name.'.'.$name);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a specific resource is provided by this package
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function providesResource($name) { 
      return ClassLoader::getDefault()->providesResource(strtr($this->name, '.', '/').'/'.$name);
    }

    /**
     * Get all classes in this package. Loads classes if not already
     * loaded.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass[]
     */
    public function getClasses() { 
      return array_map(array(xp::reflect('lang.XPClass'), 'forName'), $this->getClassNames());
    }

    /**
     * Get the names of classes in this package, not loading them.
     *
     * @return  string[]
     */
    public function getClassNames() { 
      $classes= array();
      foreach (ClassLoader::getDefault()->packageContents($this->name) as $file) {
        if (xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT == substr($file, -10)) $classes[]= $this->name.'.'.substr($file, 0, -10);
      }
      return $classes;
    }
    
    /**
     * Load a specific class by its name, which may be either locally
     * qualified (without dots) or fully qualified (with dots).
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function loadClass($name) { 
    
      // Handle fully qualified names
      if (FALSE !== ($p= strrpos($name, '.'))) {
        if (substr($name, 0, $p) != $this->name) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Class '.$name.' is not in '.$this->name);
        }
        $name= substr($name, $p+ 1);
      }

      return XPClass::forName($this->name.'.'.$name);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of subpackages in this package.
     *
     * @return  lang.reflect.Package[]
     */
    public function getPackages() {
      return array_map(array(xp::reflect('lang.reflect.Package'), 'forName'), $this->getPackageNames());
    } 

    /**
     * Returns a list of subpackages in this package.
     *
     * @return  string[]
     */
    public function getPackageNames() { 
      $packages= array();
      foreach (ClassLoader::getDefault()->packageContents($this->name) as $file) {
        if ('/' == substr($file, -1)) $packages[]= $this->name.'.'.substr($file, 0, -1);
      }
      return $packages;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of resources in this package.
     *
     * @return  string[]
     */
    public function getResources() {
      $resources= array();
      foreach (ClassLoader::getDefault()->packageContents($this->name) as $file) {
        if ('/' == substr($file, -1) || xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT == substr($file, -10)) continue;
        $resources[]= strtr($this->name, '.', '/').'/'.$file;
      }
      return $resources;
    }

    /**
     * Get a specific subpackage of this package by its name, which 
     * may be either locally qualified (without dots) or fully 
     * qualified (with dots).
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.reflect.Package
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function getPackage($name) {

      // Handle fully qualified names
      if (FALSE !== ($p= strrpos($name, '.'))) {
        if (substr($name, 0, $p) != $this->name) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Package '.$name.' is not in '.$this->name);
        }
        $name= substr($name, $p+ 1);
      }

      return self::forName($this->name.'.'.$name);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a Package object for a given fully qualified name.
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.reflect.Package
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException
     */
    public static function forName($name) { 
      $p= new self();
      $p->name= rtrim($name, '.');   // Normalize
      
      if (!ClassLoader::getDefault()->providesPackage($p->name)) {
        raise('lang.ElementNotFoundException', 'No classloaders provide '.$name);
      }
      return $p;
    }

    /**
     * Loads a resource.
     *
     * @param   string filename name of resource
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResource($filename) {

      // Handle fully qualified names
      if (FALSE !== ($p= strrpos($filename, '/'))) {
        if (substr($filename, 0, $p) != strtr($this->name, '.', '/')) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Resource '.$filename.' is not in '.$this->name);
        }
        $filename= substr($filename, $p+ 1);
      }
      return ClassLoader::getDefault()->getResource(strtr($this->name, '.', '/').'/'.$filename);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream to the resource
     *
     * @param   string filename name of resource
     * @return  io.File
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the resource cannot be found
     */
    public function getResourceAsStream($filename) {

      // Handle fully qualified names
      if (FALSE !== ($p= strrpos($filename, '/'))) {
        if (substr($filename, 0, $p) != strtr($this->name, '.', '/')) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Resource '.$filename.' is not in '.$this->name);
        }
        $filename= substr($filename, $p+ 1);
      }
      return ClassLoader::getDefault()->getResourceAsStream(strtr($this->name, '.', '/').'/'.$filename);
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this package
     * 
     * Example:
     * <pre>
     *   lang.reflect.Package<fully.qualified.package.Name>
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() { 
      return $this->getClassName().'<'.$this->name.'>';
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether a given object is equal to this Package instance.
     * 
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) { 
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->name === $cmp->name;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a hashcode for this package
     * 
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return 'P['.$this->name;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Parameter.class.php 11741 2008-01-29 10:27:46Z friebe $ 
 */

  $package= 'lang.reflect';

  /**
   * Represents a method's parameter
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Method#getParameter
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Method#getParameters
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Method#numParameters
   * @purpose  purpose
   */
  class lang�reflect�Parameter extends Object {
    protected
      $_reflect = NULL,
      $_details = NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   php.ReflectionParameter reflect
     * @param   array details
     */    
    public function __construct($reflect, $details) {
      $this->_reflect= $reflect;
      $this->_details= $details;
    }

    /**
     * Get parameter's name.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getName() {
      return $this->_reflect->getName();
    }

    /**
     * Get parameter's type.
     *
     * @return  lang.Type
     */
    public function getType() {
      if (
        !($details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_details[0], $this->_details[1])) ||  
        !isset($details[DETAIL_ARGUMENTS][$this->_details[2]])
      ) {   // Unknown or unparseable, return ANYTYPE
        return Type::$ANY;
      }
      return Type::forName(ltrim($details[DETAIL_ARGUMENTS][$this->_details[2]], '&'));
    }

    /**
     * Get parameter's type.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getTypeName() {
      if (
        !($details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_details[0], $this->_details[1])) ||  
        !isset($details[DETAIL_ARGUMENTS][$this->_details[2]])
      ) {   // Unknown or unparseable, return ANYTYPE
        return '*';
      }
      return ltrim($details[DETAIL_ARGUMENTS][$this->_details[2]], '&');
    }

    /**
     * Get parameter's type restriction.
     *
     * @return  lang.Type or NULL if there is no restriction
     */
    public function getTypeRestriction() {
      if ($this->_reflect->isArray()) {
        return Primitive::$ARRAY;
      } else if ($c= $this->_reflect->getClass()) {
        return new XPClass($c);
      } else {
        return NULL;
      }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve whether this argument is optional
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isOptional() {
      return $this->_reflect->isOptional();
    }

    /**
     * Get default value.
     *
     * @throws  lang.IllegalStateException in case this argument is not optional
     * @return  mixed
     */
    public function getDefaultValue() {
      if ($this->_reflect->isOptional()) {
        return $this->_reflect->getDefaultValue();
      }

      throw new IllegalStateException('Parameter "'.$this->_reflect->getName().'" has no default value');
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return sprintf(
        '%s<%s %s%s>',
        $this->getClassName(),
        $this->getType()->toString(),
        $this->_reflect->getName(),
        $this->_reflect->isOptional() ? '= '.xp::stringOf($this->_reflect->getDefaultValue()) : ''
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Proxy.class.php 11896 2008-03-22 23:01:39Z friebe $ 
 */

  define('PROXY_PREFIX',    'Proxy�');

  /**
   * Proxy provides static methods for creating dynamic proxy
   * classes and instances, and it is also the superclass of all
   * dynamic proxy classes created by those methods.
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.ProxyTest
   * @purpose  Dynamically create classes
   * @see      http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/lang/reflect/Proxy.html
   */
  class Proxy extends Object {
    public
      $_h= NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   lang.reflect.InvocationHandler handler
     */
    public function __construct($handler) {
      $this->_h= $handler;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the XPClass object for a proxy class given a class loader 
     * and an array of interfaces.  The proxy class will be defined by the 
     * specified class loader and will implement all of the supplied 
     * interfaces (also loaded by the classloader).
     *
     * @param   lang.ClassLoader classloader
     * @param   lang.XPClass[] interfaces names of the interfaces to implement
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public static function getProxyClass($classloader, $interfaces) {
      static $num= 0;
      static $cache= array();
      
      // Calculate cache key (composed of the names of all interfaces)
      $key= $classloader->hashCode().':'.implode(';', array_map(
        create_function('$i', 'return $i->getName();'), 
        $interfaces
      ));
      if (isset($cache[$key])) return $cache[$key];
      
      // Create proxy class' name, using a unique identifier and a prefix
      $name= PROXY_PREFIX.($num++);
      $bytes= 'class '.$name.' extends '.xp::reflect('lang.reflect.Proxy').' implements ';
      $added= array();
      
      for ($j= 0, $t= sizeof($interfaces); $j < $t; $j++) {
        $bytes.= xp::reflect($interfaces[$j]->getName()).', ';
      }
      $bytes= substr($bytes, 0, -2)." {\n";

      for ($j= 0, $t= sizeof($interfaces); $j < $t; $j++) {
        $if= $interfaces[$j];
        
        // Verify that the Class object actually represents an interface
        if (!$if->isInterface()) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException($if->getName().' is not an interface');
        }
        
        // Implement all the interface's methods
        foreach ($if->getMethods() as $m) {
        
          // Check for already declared methods, do not redeclare them
          if (isset($added[$m->getName()])) continue;
          $added[$m->getName()]= TRUE;

          // Build signature and argument list
          if ($m->hasAnnotation('overloaded')) {
            $signatures= $m->getAnnotation('overloaded', 'signatures');
            $max= 0;
            $cases= array();
            foreach ($signatures as $signature) {
              $args= sizeof($signature);
              $max= max($max, $args- 1);
              if (isset($cases[$args])) continue;
              
              $cases[$args]= (
                'case '.$args.': '.
                'return $this->_h->invoke($this, \''.$m->getName(TRUE).'\', array('.
                ($args ? '$_'.implode(', $_', range(0, $args- 1)) : '').'));'
              );
            }

            // Create method
            $bytes.= (
              'function '.$m->getName().'($_'.implode('= NULL, $_', range(0, $max)).'= NULL) { '.
              'switch (func_num_args()) {'.implode("\n", $cases).
              ' default: throw new IllegalArgumentException(\'Illegal number of arguments\'); }'.
              '}'."\n"
            );
          } else {
            $signature= $args= '';
            foreach ($m->getParameters() as $param) {
              $restriction= $param->getTypeRestriction();
              $signature.= ', '.($restriction ? xp::reflect($restriction->getName()) : '').' $'.$param->getName();
              $args.= ', $'.$param->getName();
              $param->isOptional() && $signature.= '= '.var_export($param->getDefaultValue(), TRUE);
            }
            $signature= substr($signature, 2);
            $args= substr($args, 2);

            // Create method
            $bytes.= (
              'function '.$m->getName().'('.$signature.') { '.
              'return $this->_h->invoke($this, \''.$m->getName(TRUE).'\', array('.$args.')); '.
              '}'."\n"
            );
          }
        }
      }
      $bytes.= ' }';

      // Define the generated class
      try {
        $dyn= DynamicClassLoader::instanceFor(__METHOD__);
        $dyn->setClassBytes($name, $bytes);
        $class= $dyn->loadClass($name);
      } catch (FormatException $e) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException($e->getMessage());
      }

      // Update cache and return XPClass object
      $cache[$key]= $class;
      return $class;
    }
  
    /**
     * Returns an instance of a proxy class for the specified interfaces
     * that dispatches method invocations to the specified invocation
     * handler.
     *
     * @param   lang.ClassLoader classloader
     * @param   lang.XPClass[] interfaces
     * @param   lang.reflect.InvocationHandler handler
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public static function newProxyInstance($classloader, $interfaces, $handler) {
      return self::getProxyClass($classloader, $interfaces)->newInstance($handler);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Routine.class.php 11803 2008-03-08 11:15:49Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.reflect.Parameter', 'lang.reflect.TargetInvocationException');

  /**
   * Base class for methods and constructors. Note that the methods provided
   * in this class (except for getName()) are implemented using a tokenizer
   * on the class files, gathering its information from the API docs.
   *
   * This, of course, will not be as fast as if the details were provided by
   * PHP itself and will also rely on the API docs being consistent and 
   * correct.
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.ReflectionTest
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Method
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Constructor
   * @purpose  Reflection
   */
  class Routine extends Object {
    protected
      $_class   = NULL;

    public 
      $_reflect = NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string class
     * @param   php.ReflectionMethod reflect
     */    
    public function __construct($class, $reflect) {
      $this->_class= $class;
      $this->_reflect= $reflect;
    }
    
    /**
     * Get routine's name.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getName() {
      return $this->_reflect->getName();
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve this method's modifiers
     *
     * @see     xp://lang.reflect.Modifiers
     * @return  int
     */    
    public function getModifiers() {
    
      // Note: ReflectionMethod::getModifiers() returns whatever PHP reflection 
      // returns, but the numeric value changed since 5.0.0 as the zend_function
      // struct's fn_flags now contains not only ZEND_ACC_(PPP, STATIC, FINAL,
      // ABSTRACT) but also some internal information about how this method needs
      // to be called.
      //
      // == List of fn_flags we don't want to return from this method ==
      // #define ZEND_ACC_IMPLEMENTED_ABSTRACT  0x08
      // #define ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_PUBLIC       0x1000
      // #define ZEND_ACC_CTOR                  0x2000
      // #define ZEND_ACC_DTOR                  0x4000
      // #define ZEND_ACC_CLONE                 0x8000
      // #define ZEND_ACC_ALLOW_STATIC          0x10000
      // #define ZEND_ACC_SHADOW                0x20000
      // #define ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED            0x40000
      // ==
      return $this->_reflect->getModifiers() & ~0x7f008;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns this method's parameters
     *
     * @return  lang.reflect.Parameter[]
     */
    public function getParameters() {
      $r= array();
      foreach ($this->_reflect->getParameters() as $offset => $param) {
        $r[]= new lang�reflect�Parameter($param, array($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName(), $offset));
      }
      return $r;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve one of this method's parameters by its offset
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  lang.reflect.Parameter or NULL if it does not exist
     */
    public function getParameter($offset) {
      $list= $this->_reflect->getParameters();
      return isset($list[$offset]) 
        ? new lang�reflect�Parameter($list[$offset], array($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName(), $offset))
        : NULL
      ;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve how many parameters this method declares (including optional 
     * ones)
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function numParameters() {
      return $this->_reflect->getNumberOfParameters();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve return type
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getReturnType() {
      if (!($details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName()))) return Type::$ANY;
      return Type::forName(ltrim($details[DETAIL_RETURNS], '&'));
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve return type name
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getReturnTypeName() {
      if (!($details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName()))) return NULL;
      return ltrim($details[DETAIL_RETURNS], '&');
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve exception names
     *
     * @return  string[]
     */
    public function getExceptionNames() {
      $details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName());
      return $details ? $details[DETAIL_THROWS] : array();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve exception types
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass[]
     */
    public function getExceptionTypes() {
      $details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName());
      return $details ? array_map(array('XPClass', 'forName'), $details[DETAIL_THROWS]) : array();
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the XPClass object representing the class or interface 
     * that declares the method represented by this Method object.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass
     */
    public function getDeclaringClass() {
      return new XPClass($this->_reflect->getDeclaringClass());
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves the api doc comment for this method. Returns NULL if
     * no documentation is present.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getComment() {
      if (!($details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName()))) return NULL;
      return $details[DETAIL_COMMENT];
    }
    
    /**
     * Check whether an annotation exists
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @param   string key default NULL
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function hasAnnotation($name, $key= NULL) {
      $details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName());

      return $details && ($key 
        ? array_key_exists($key, (array)@$details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name]) 
        : array_key_exists($name, (array)@$details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS])
      );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve annotation by name
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @param   string key default NULL
     * @return  mixed
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException
     */
    public function getAnnotation($name, $key= NULL) {
      $details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName());

      if (!$details || !($key 
        ? array_key_exists($key, @$details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name]) 
        : array_key_exists($name, @$details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS])
      )) return raise(
        'lang.ElementNotFoundException', 
        'Annotation "'.$name.($key ? '.'.$key : '').'" does not exist'
      );

      return ($key 
        ? $details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name][$key] 
        : $details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name]
      );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve whether a method has annotations
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function hasAnnotations() {
      $details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName());
      return $details ? !empty($details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS]) : FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve all of a method's annotations
     *
     * @return  array annotations
     */
    public function getAnnotations() {
      $details= XPClass::detailsForMethod($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getName());
      return $details ? $details[DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS] : array();
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns whether an object is equal to this routine
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return (
        $cmp instanceof self && 
        $cmp->_reflect->getName() === $this->_reflect->getName() &&
        $cmp->getDeclaringClass()->equals($this->getDeclaringClass())
      );
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve string representation. Examples:
     *
     * <pre>
     *   public lang.XPClass getClass()
     *   public static util.Date now()
     *   public open(string $mode) throws io.FileNotFoundException, io.IOException
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $signature= '';
      foreach ($this->getParameters() as $param) {
        if ($param->isOptional()) {
          $signature.= ', ['.$param->getTypeName().' $'.$param->getName().'= '.xp::stringOf($param->getDefaultValue()).']';
        } else {
          $signature.= ', '.$param->getTypeName().' $'.$param->getName();
        }
      }
      if ($exceptions= $this->getExceptionNames()) {
        $throws= ' throws '.implode(', ', $exceptions);
      } else {
        $throws= '';
      }
      return sprintf(
        '%s %s %s(%s)%s',
        Modifiers::stringOf($this->getModifiers()),
        $this->getReturnTypeName(),
        $this->getName(),
        substr($signature, 2),
        $throws
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: TargetInvocationException.class.php 10967 2007-08-27 16:53:40Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.ChainedException');

  /**
   * Indicates an exception was thrown while reflectively invoking
   * a method or constructor.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Method
   * @see      xp://lang.reflect.Constructor
   * @purpose  Exception
   */
  class TargetInvocationException extends ChainedException {
    
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Runnable.class.php 9892 2007-04-05 14:53:30Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Denotes instances of implementing classes are runnable by 
   * invoking the run() method.
   *
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface Runnable {
  
    /**
     * Runs this object
     *
     */
    public function run();
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Runtime.class.php 11706 2008-01-12 22:07:45Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses(
    'lang.Process', 
    'lang.Runnable', 
    'lang.RuntimeError', 
    'lang.ElementNotFoundException'
  );

  /**
   * Represents the runtime - that is, the PHP binary executing the
   * current process.
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.RuntimeTest
   * @purpose  Access to PHP runtime
   */
  class Runtime extends Object {
    protected static 
      $instance   = NULL;
      
    protected
      $executable = NULL;
    
    static function __static() {
      self::$instance= new self();
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the runtime instance
     *
     * @return  lang.Runtime
     */
    public static function getInstance() {
      return self::$instance;
    }
    
    /**
     * Loads a dynamic library.
     *
     * @see     php://dl
     * @param   string name
     * @return  bool TRUE if the library was loaded, FALSE if it was already loaded
     * @throws  lang.IllegalAccessException in case library loading is prohibited
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException in case the library does not exist
     * @throws  lang.RuntimeError in case dl() fails
     */
    public function loadLibrary($name) {
      if (extension_loaded($name)) return FALSE;
    
      // dl() will fatal if any of these are set - prevent this
      if (!(bool)ini_get('enable_dl') || (bool)ini_get('safe_mode')) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException(sprintf(
          'Loading libraries not permitted by system configuration [enable_dl= %s, safe_mode= %s]',
          ini_get('enable_dl'),
          ini_get('safe_mode')
        ));
      }
      
      // Qualify filename
      $path= rtrim(realpath(ini_get('extension_dir')), DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
      $filename= $name.'.'.PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX;
      
      // Try php_<name>.<ext>, <name>.<ext>      
      if (file_exists($lib= $path.'php_'.$filename)) {
        // E.g. php_sybase_ct.dll
      } else if (file_exists($lib= $path.$filename)) {
        // E.g. sybase_ct.so
      } else {
        throw new ElementNotFoundException('Cannot find library "'.$name.'" in "'.$path.'"');
      }
      
      // Found library, try to load it. dl() expects given argument to not contain
      // a path and will failt with "Temporary module name should contain only 
      // filename" if it does.
      if (!dl(basename($lib))) {
        throw new RuntimeError('dl() failed for '.$lib);
      }
      return TRUE;
    }

    /**
     * Check whether a given extension is available
     *
     * @see     php://extension_loaded
     * @param   string name
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function extensionAvailable($name) {
      return extension_loaded($name);
    }

    /**
     * Register a shutdown hook - a piece of code that will be run before
     * the runtime shuts down (e.g. with exit).
     *
     * @see     php://register_shutdown_function
     * @param   lang.Runnable r
     * @return  lang.Runnable the given runnable
     */
    public function addShutdownHook(Runnable $r) {
      register_shutdown_function(array($r, 'run'));
      return $r;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the executable associated with this runtime.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getExecutable() {
      if (NULL === $this->executable) {     // Lazy-init
        $this->executable= Process::getProcessById(getmypid());
      }
      return $this->executable;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: RuntimeError.class.php 2342 2003-09-21 17:51:37Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Indicates an internal error has occured
   *
   * @purpose  Error
   */
  class RuntimeError extends Error {
  
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: StackTraceElement.class.php 11546 2007-12-20 00:37:28Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * An element in a stack trace, as returned by Throwable::getStackTrace(). 
   * Each element represents a single stack frame.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.Throwable#getStackTrace()
   * @purpose  Represent execution stack frame
   */
  class StackTraceElement extends Object {
    public
      $file     = '',
      $class    = '',
      $method   = '',
      $line     = 0,
      $args     = array(),
      $message  = '';
      
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string file
     * @param   string class
     * @param   string method
     * @param   int line
     * @param   array args
     * @param   string message
     */
    public function __construct($file, $class, $method, $line, $args, $message) {
      $this->file     = $file;  
      $this->class    = $class; 
      $this->method   = $method;
      $this->line     = $line;
      $this->args     = $args;
      $this->message  = $message;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns qualified class name
     *
     * @param   string class unqualified name
     * @return  string
     */
    protected function qualifiedClassName($class) {
      return xp::nameOf($class);
    }
    
    /**
     * Create string representation
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $args= array();
      if (isset($this->args)) {
        for ($j= 0, $a= sizeof($this->args); $j < $a; $j++) {
          if (is_array($this->args[$j])) {
            $args[]= 'array['.sizeof($this->args[$j]).']';
          } else if (is_object($this->args[$j])) {
            $args[]= $this->qualifiedClassName(get_class($this->args[$j])).'{}';
          } else if (is_string($this->args[$j])) {
            $display= str_replace('%', '%%', addcslashes(substr($this->args[$j], 0, min(
              (FALSE === $p= strpos($this->args[$j], "\n")) ? 0x40 : $p, 
              0x40
            )), "\0..\17"));
            $args[]= (
              '(0x'.dechex(strlen($this->args[$j])).")'".
              $display.
              "'"
            );
          } else if (is_null($this->args[$j])) {
            $args[]= 'NULL';
          } else if (is_scalar($this->args[$j])) {
            $args[]= (string)$this->args[$j];
          } else if (is_resource($this->args[$j])) {
            $args[]= (string)$this->args[$j];
          } else {
            $args[]= '<'.gettype($this->args[$j]).'>';
          }
        }
      }
      return sprintf(
        "  at %s::%s(%s) [line %d of %s] %s\n",
        isset($this->class) ? $this->qualifiedClassName($this->class) : '<main>',
        isset($this->method) ? $this->method : '<main>',
        implode(', ', $args),
        $this->line,
        basename(isset($this->file) ? $this->file : __FILE__),
        $this->message
      );
    }

    /**
     * Compares this stacktrace element to another object
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->toString() == $cmp->toString();
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: System.class.php 11731 2008-01-25 11:57:49Z olli $
 */

  uses('lang.SystemException');
  
  // Known return codes
  define('SYSTEM_RETURN_CMDNOTFOUND',        127);
  define('SYSTEM_RETURN_CMDNOTEXECUTABLE',   126);
  
  /**
   * The System class contains several useful class fields and methods. 
   * It cannot be instantiated.
   * 
   */
  class System extends Object {
  
    /**
     * Private helper method. Tries to locate an environment
     * variable by name, and, if it fails, tries the given
     * alternatives in the sequence they are specified
     *
     * @param   string* args
     * @return  string environment variable by name
     */
    protected static function _env() {
      foreach (func_get_args() as $a) {
        if ($e= getenv($a)) return $e;
      }
      return $e;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve system property. Note: Results of this method are
     * cached!
     *
     * Known property names:
     * <pre>
     * php.version       PHP version
     * php.api           PHP api
     * os.name           Operating system name
     * os.tempdir        System-wide temporary directory
     * host.name         Host name
     * host.arch         Host architecture
     * user.home         Current user's home directory
     * user.name         Current user's name
     * file.separator    File separator ("/" on UNIX)
     * path.separator    Path separator (":" on UNIX)
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  mixed
     */
    public static function getProperty($name) {
      static $prop= array();
      
      if (!isset($prop[$name])) switch ($name) {
        case 'php.version': 
          $prop[$name]= PHP_VERSION; 
          break;
          
        case 'php.api': 
          $prop[$name]= PHP_SAPI;
          break;

        case 'os.name': 
          $prop[$name]= PHP_OS; 
          break;

        case 'os.tempdir':
          $prop[$name]= self::tempDir();
          break;
        
        case 'host.name': 
          if (extension_loaded('posix')) {
            $uname= posix_uname();
            $prop[$name]= $uname['nodename'].(isset ($uname['domainname'])
              ? '.'.$uname['domainname']
              : ''
            );
            break;
          }
          $prop[$name]= self::_env('HOSTNAME', 'COMPUTERNAME');
          break;

        case 'host.arch':
          if (extension_loaded('posix')) {
            $uname= posix_uname();
            $prop[$name]= $uname['machine'];
            break;
          }
          $prop[$name]= self::_env('HOSTTYPE', 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE');
          break;
          
        case 'user.home': 
          if (extension_loaded('posix')) {
            $pwuid= posix_getpwuid(posix_getuid());
            $prop[$name]= $pwuid['dir'];
            break;
          }
          $prop[$name]= str_replace('\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, self::_env('HOME', 'HOMEPATH'));
          break;
          
        case 'user.name': 
          $prop[$name]= get_current_user();
          break;
        
        case 'file.separator':
          return DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
        
        case 'path.separator':
          return PATH_SEPARATOR;
      }
      
      return $prop[$name];
    }
    
    /**
     * Sets an environment variable
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @param   mixed var
     * @return  bool success
     */
    public static function putEnv($name, $var) {
      return putenv($name.'='.$var);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the contents of an environment variable, or in case it does
     * not exist, FALSE.
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  mixed var
     */
    public static function getEnv($name) {
      return getenv($name);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve location of temporary directory. This method looks at the 
     * environment variables TEMP and TMP, and, if these cannot be found,
     * uses '/tmp' as location on Un*x systems, c:\ on Windows.
     * 
     * @see     php://tempnam
     * @return  string
     */
    public static function tempDir() {
      if (getenv('TEMP')) {
        $dir= getenv('TEMP');
      } else if (getenv('TMP')) {
        $dir= getenv('TMP');
      } else {
        $dir= (0 == strcasecmp(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3), 'WIN')) ? 'c:\\' : '/tmp';
      }

      return rtrim($dir, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
    }

    /** 
     * Execute an external program
     * 
     * Copied from man bash, some information on the exit code
     * <pre>
     * EXIT STATUS
     * For  the  shell's  purposes,  a command which exits with a
     * zero exit status has succeeded.  An exit  status  of  zero
     * indicates success.  A non-zero exit status indicates fail�
     * ure.  When a command terminates on a fatal signal N,  bash
     * uses the value of 128+N as the exit status.
     *
     * If  a  command  is not found, the child process created to
     * execute it returns a status of 127.  If a command is found
     * but is not executable, the return status is 126.
     *
     * If a command fails because of an error during expansion or
     * redirection, the exit status is greater than zero.
     *
     * Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (true) if suc�
     * cessful,  and  non-zero  (false)  if an error occurs while
     * they execute.  All builtins return an exit status of 2  to
     * indicate incorrect usage.
     *
     * Bash  itself  returns  the exit status of the last command
     * executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which  case  it
     * exits  with  a  non-zero value.  See also the exit builtin
     * command below.
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param   string cmdLine the command
     * @param   string redirect default '2>&1' redirection
     * @param   bool background
     * @return  array lines
     * @throws  lang.SystemException in case the return code is not zero
     * @see     php://exec
     * @see     xp://lang.Process
     */
    public static function exec($cmdLine, $redirect= '2>&1', $background= FALSE) {
      $cmdLine= escapeshellcmd($cmdLine).' '.$redirect.($background ? ' &' : '');
      
      if (!($pd= popen($cmdLine, 'r'))) throw(new XPException(
        'cannot execute "'.$cmdLine.'"'
      ));
      $buf= array();
      while (
        (!feof($pd)) && 
        (FALSE !== ($line= fgets($pd, 4096)))
      ) {
        $buf[]= chop($line);
      }
      $retCode= (pclose($pd) >> 8) & 0xFF;
      
      if ($retCode != 0) throw(new SystemException(
        'System.exec('.$cmdLine.') err #'.$retCode.' ['.implode('', $buf).']',
        $retCode
      ));
      return $buf;
    }
  }  
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: SystemException.class.php 11872 2008-03-22 16:35:52Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * Encapsulates the SystemException which contains an error-code
   * and the error message.
   *
   * @see   xp://XPException
   */
  class SystemException extends XPException {
    public $code= 0;
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string message the error-message
     * @param   int code the error-code
     */
    public function __construct($message, $code) {
      $this->code= $code;
      parent::__construct($message);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Thread.class.php 11975 2008-03-29 19:22:49Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses(
    'lang.IllegalThreadStateException',
    'lang.Runnable',
    'lang.SystemException'
  );

  /**
   * Thread
   *
   * <code>
   *   uses('lang.Thread');
   *   
   *   class TimerThread extends Thread {
   *     public
   *       $ticks    = 0,
   *       $timeout  = 0;
   *       
   *     public function __construct($timeout) {
   *       $this->timeout= $timeout;
   *       parent::__construct('timer.'.$timeout);
   *     }
   *       
   *     public function run() {
   *       while ($this->ticks < $this->timeout) {
   *         Thread::sleep(1000);
   *         $this->ticks++;
   *         printf("<%s> tick\n", $this->name);
   *       }
   *       printf("<%s> time's up!\n", $this->name);
   *     }
   *   }
   *   
   *   $t[0]= new TimerThread(5);
   *   $t[0]->start();
   *   $t[1]= new TimerThread(2);
   *   $t[1]->start();
   *   
   *   for ($i= 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
   *     echo "<main> Waiting...\n";
   *     sleep(1);
   *   }
   *   
   *   $t[0]->join();
   *   $t[1]->join();
   * </code>
   *
   * @ext      pcntl
   * @ext      posix
   * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/168/2007/04/05/
   * @see      xp://lang.Runnable
   * @purpose  Base class
   */
  class Thread extends Object {
    public
      $name     = '',
      $running  = FALSE;
      
    protected
      $target   = NULL,
      $_id      = -1,
      $_pid     = -1;
      
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * Implementation by subclassing:
     * <code>
     *   class ComputeThread extends Thread {
     *     public function run() {
     *       // ...
     *     }
     *   }
     *
     *   $thread= new ComputeThread('computr1');
     *   $thread->start();
     * </code>
     * 
     * Implementation by passing a Runnable: 
     * <code>
     *   $thread= new Thread(newinstance('lang.Runnable', array(), '{
     *     public function run() {
     *       // ...
     *     }
     *   }'));
     *   $thread->start();
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   mixed arg default NULL
     */
    public function __construct($arg= NULL) {
      if ($arg instanceof Runnable) {
        $this->target= $arg;
        $this->name= $arg->getClassName();
      } else {
        $this->target= $this;
        $this->name= $arg ? $arg : $this->getClassName();
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns whether this thread is running
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isRunning() {
      return $this->running;
    }
    
    /**
     * Set Name
     *
     * @param   string name
     */
    public function setName($name) {
      $this->name= $name;
    }

    /**
     * Get Name
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getName() {
      return $this->name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease 
     * execution) for the specified number of milliseconds. 
     *
     * @param   int millis
     */
    public static function sleep($millis) {
      usleep($millis * 1000);
    }

    /**
     * Starts thread execution
     *
     * @throws  lang.IllegalThreadStateException if this thread is already running
     * @throws  lang.SystemException if the thread cannot be started
     */
    public function start() {
      if ($this->isRunning()) {
        throw(new IllegalThreadStateException('Already running'));
      }

      $parent= getmypid();
      $pid= pcntl_fork();
      if (-1 == $pid) {     // Cannot fork
        throw(new SystemException('Cannot fork'));
      } else if ($pid) {     // Parent
        $this->running= TRUE;
        $this->_id= $pid;
        $this->_pid= $parent;
      } else {              // Child
        $this->running= TRUE;
        $this->_id= getmypid();
        $this->_pid= $parent;
        call_user_func(array($this->target, 'run'));
        exit();
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Join this thread. The optional parameter wait may be set to FALSE to
     * return immediately if this thread hasn't terminated yet.
     *
     * @param   bool wait default TRUE
     * @return  int status
     * @see     php://pcntl_waitpid
     */
    public function join($wait= TRUE) {
      if (0 == pcntl_waitpid($this->_id, $status, $wait ? WUNTRACED : WNOHANG)) return -1;
      $this->running= FALSE;
      $this->_id= $this->_pid= -1;
      return $status;
    }
    
    /**
     * Stop this thread
     *
     * @param   int signal default SIGINT
     * @throws  lang.IllegalThreadStateException
     */
    public function stop($signal= SIGINT) {
      if ($this->_id <= 0) {
        throw(new IllegalThreadStateException('Illegal thread id '.$this->_id));
      }
      posix_kill($this->_id, $signal);
      $this->running= FALSE;
      $this->_id= $this->_pid= -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns thread id or -1 if this thread is not running
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function getId() {
      return $this->_id;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns thread's parent id
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function getParentId() {
      return $this->_pid;
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return sprintf('%s[%d]@%s', $this->getClassName(), $this->_id, var_export($this, 1));
    }
    
    /**
     * Subclasses of Thread should override this method.
     *
     */
    public function run() { }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Throwable.class.php 11788 2008-03-04 09:18:57Z kiesel $ 
 */

  uses('lang.Generic', 'lang.StackTraceElement');

  /**
   * Throwable
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.Error
   * @see      xp://lang.XPException
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.ExceptionsTest
   * @purpose  Base class
   */
  class Throwable extends Exception implements Generic {
    public 
      $message  = '',
      $trace    = array();

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string message
     */
    public function __construct($message) {
      static $except= array(
        'call_user_func_array'  => 1, 
        'call_user_func'        => 1, 
        'object'                => 1
      );
      $this->__id= microtime();
      $this->message= $message;
      
      $errors= xp::$registry['errors'];
      foreach (debug_backtrace() as $trace) {
        if (!isset($trace['function']) || isset($except[$trace['function']])) continue;
        if (isset($trace['object']) && '__construct' == $trace['function'] && $trace['object'] instanceof self) continue;

        // Not all of these are always set: debug_backtrace() should
        // initialize these - at least - to NULL, IMO => Workaround.
        $this->addStackTraceFor(
          isset($trace['file']) ? $trace['file'] : NULL,
          isset($trace['class']) ? $trace['class'] : NULL,
          isset($trace['function']) ? $trace['function'] : NULL,
          isset($trace['line']) ? $trace['line'] : NULL,
          isset($trace['args']) ? $trace['args'] : NULL,
          array(array('' => 1))
        );
      }
      
      // Remaining error messages
      foreach ($errors as $file => $list) {
        $this->addStackTraceFor($file, NULL, NULL, NULL, array(), $list);
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Adds new stacktrace elements to the internal list of stacktrace
     * elements, each for one error.
     *
     * @param   string file
     * @param   string class
     * @param   string function
     * @param   int originalline
     * @param   mixed[] args
     * @param   mixed[] errors
     */
    protected function addStackTraceFor($file, $class, $function, $originalline, $args, $errors) {
      foreach ($errors as $line => $errormsg) {
        foreach ($errormsg as $message => $amount) {
          $this->trace[]= new StackTraceElement(
            $file,
            $class,
            $function,
            $originalline ? $originalline : $line,
            $args,
            $message.($amount > 1 ? ' (... '.($amount - 1).' more)' : '')
          );
        }   
      }
    }

    /**
     * Return an array of stack trace elements
     *
     * @return  lang.StackTraceElement[] array of stack trace elements
     * @see     xp://lang.StackTraceElement
     */
    public function getStackTrace() {
      return $this->trace;
    }

    /**
     * Print "stacktrace" to standard error
     *
     * @see     xp://lang.Throwable#toString
     * @param   resource fd default STDERR
     */
    public function printStackTrace($fd= STDERR) {
      fputs($fd, $this->toString());
    }

    /**
     * Return compound message of this exception. In this default 
     * implementation, returns the following:
     *
     * <pre>
     *   Exception [FULLY-QUALIFIED-CLASSNAME] ([MESSAGE])
     * </pre>
     *
     * May be overriden by subclasses
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function compoundMessage() {
      return sprintf(
        'Exception %s (%s)',
        $this->getClassName(),
        $this->message
      );
    }
 
    /**
     * Return compound message followed by the formatted output of this
     * exception's stacktrace.
     *
     * Example:
     * <pre>
     * Exception lang.ClassNotFoundException (class "" [] not found)
     *   at lang.ClassNotFoundException::__construct((0x15)'class "" [] not found') \
     *   [line 79 of StackTraceElement.class.php] 
     *   at lang.ClassLoader::loadclass(NULL) [line 143 of XPClass.class.php] 
     *   at lang.XPClass::forname(NULL) [line 6 of base_test.php] \
     *   Undefined variable:  nam
     * </pre>
     *
     * Usually not overridden by subclasses unless stacktrace format 
     * should differ - otherwise overwrite compoundMessage() instead!.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $s= $this->compoundMessage()."\n";
      for ($i= 0, $t= sizeof($this->trace); $i < $t; $i++) {
        $s.= $this->trace[$i]->toString(); 
      }
      return $s;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->__id;
    }
    
    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool TRUE if the compared object is equal to this object
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $this === $cmp;
    }
    
    /** 
     * Returns the fully qualified class name for this class 
     * (e.g. "io.File")
     * 
     * @return  string fully qualified class name
     */
    public function getClassName() {
      return xp::nameOf(get_class($this));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the runtime class of an object.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass runtime class
     * @see     xp://lang.XPClass
     */
    public function getClass() {
      return new XPClass($this);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Type.class.php 11834 2008-03-22 12:11:47Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Type is the base class for the XPClass and Primitive classes.
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass
   * @see      xp://lang.Primitive
   * @purpose  Base class
   */
  class Type extends Object {
    public static
      $ANY,
      $VOID;

    public
      $name= '';

    static function __static() {
      self::$ANY= new self('*');
      self::$VOID= new self('void');
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string name
     */
    public function __construct($name) {
      $this->name= $name;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the fully qualified class name for this class.
     * 
     * @return  string name - e.g. "io.File", "rdbms.mysql.MySQL"
     */
    public function getName() {
      return $this->name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName().'<'.$this->name.'>';
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether a given object is equal to this type
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $cmp->name === $this->name;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return get_class($this).':'.$this->name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets a type for a given name
     *
     * Checks for:
     * <ul>
     *   <li>Primitive types (string, integer, double, boolean, array)</li>
     *   <li>Array notations (string[] or string*)</li>
     *   <li>Resources</li>
     *   <li>Any type (mixed or *)</li>
     *   <li>Generic notations (util.collections.HashTable<lang.types.String, lang.Generic>)</li>
     *   <li>Anything else will be passed to XPClass::forName()</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.Type
     */
    public static function forName($name) {
      switch ($name) {
        case 'string': 
        case 'char': 
          return Primitive::$STRING;

        case 'integer': 
        case 'int': 
          return Primitive::$INTEGER;

        case 'double': 
        case 'float': 
          return Primitive::$DOUBLE;

        case 'boolean': 
        case 'bool': 
          return Primitive::$BOOLEAN;

        case '*': 
        case 'mixed': 
          return self::$ANY;

        case 'array': 
        case '*' == substr($name, -1): 
        case '[]' === substr($name, -2): 
          return Primitive::$ARRAY;

        case 'resource':    // XXX FIXME
          return Primitive::$INTEGER;
        
        case 'void':
          return self::$VOID;
        
        case FALSE !== ($p= strpos($name, '<')):
          $base= substr($name, 0, $p);
          return 'array' == $base ? Primitive::$ARRAY : XPClass::forName($base);

        case FALSE === strpos($name, '.'): 
          return new XPClass(new ReflectionClass($name));
        
        default:
          return XPClass::forName($name);
      }
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ArrayList.class.php 12200 2008-05-12 09:23:58Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Represents a "numeric" array
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.types.ArrayListTest
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class ArrayList extends Object implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
    protected
      $iterator = NULL;

    public
      $values   = NULL,
      $length   = 0;

    /**
     * Create a new instance of an ArrayList
     *
     * @param   mixed arg either mixed[] => values or an int => size
     * @return  lang.types.ArrayList
     */
    public static function newInstance($arg) {
      if (is_array($arg)) {
        $self= new self();
        $self->values= array_values($arg);
        $self->length= sizeof($self->values);
      } else {
        $self= new self();
        $self->length= (int)$arg;
      }
      return $self;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this number
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->length.'['.serialize($this->values);
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   mixed* values
     */
    public function __construct() {
      if (0 != ($this->length= func_num_args())) {
        $this->values= func_get_args();
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an iterator for use in foreach()
     *
     * @see     php://language.oop5.iterations
     * @return  php.Iterator
     */
    public function getIterator() {
      if (!$this->iterator) $this->iterator= newinstance('Iterator', array($this), '{
        private $i= 0, $v;
        public function __construct($v) { $this->v= $v; }
        public function current() { return $this->v->values[$this->i]; }
        public function key() { return $this->i; }
        public function next() { $this->i++; }
        public function rewind() { $this->i= 0; }
        public function valid() { return $this->i < $this->v->length; }
      }');
      return $this->iterator;
    }

    /**
     * = list[] overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  mixed
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if key does not exist
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset) {
      if ($offset >= $this->length || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      return $this->values[$offset];
    }

    /**
     * list[]= overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @param   mixed value
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if key is neither numeric (set) nor NULL (add)
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {
      if (!is_int($offset)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Incorrect type '.gettype($offset).' for index');
      }
      
      if ($offset >= $this->length || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      $this->values[$offset]= $value;
    }

    /**
     * isset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset) {
      return ($offset >= 0 && $offset < $this->length);
    }

    /**
     * unset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot remove from immutable list');
    }
    
    /**
     * Helper method to compare two arrays recursively
     *
     * @param   array a1
     * @param   array a2
     * @return  bool
     */
    protected function arrayequals($a1, $a2) {
      if (sizeof($a1) != sizeof($a2)) return FALSE;

      foreach (array_keys((array)$a1) as $k) {
        switch (TRUE) {
          case !array_key_exists($k, $a2): 
            return FALSE;

          case is_array($a1[$k]):
            if (!$this->arrayequals($a1[$k], $a2[$k])) return FALSE;
            break;

          case $a1[$k] instanceof Generic:
            if (!$a1[$k]->equals($a2[$k])) return FALSE;
            break;

          case $a1[$k] !== $a2[$k]:
            return FALSE;
        }
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether a given object is equal to this arraylist
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->arrayequals($this->values, $cmp->values);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return (
        $this->getClassName().'['.sizeof($this->values)."]@{".
        implode(', ', array_map(array('xp', 'stringOf'), $this->values)).
        '}'
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Boolean.class.php 10159 2007-04-29 17:02:51Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * The abstract class Number is the superclass of classes representing
   * numbers
   *
   * @purpose  Base class
   */
  class Boolean extends Object {
    public
      $value = '';

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string value
     */
    public function __construct($value) {
      $this->value= (bool)$value;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the value of this number as an int.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function intValue() {
      return (int)$this->value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this number
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->value ? 'true' : 'false';
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this number object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName().'('.$this->value.')';
    }
    
    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool TRUE if the compared object is equal to this object
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->value === $cmp->value;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Byte.class.php 6201 2005-12-01 16:39:22Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.types.Number');

  /**
   * The Byte class wraps a value of the type byte 
   * 
   * Range: -2^7 - (2^7)- 1
   *
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class Byte extends Number {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Bytes.class.php 12200 2008-05-12 09:23:58Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.types.Byte');

  /**
   * Represents a list of bytes
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.types.BytesTest
   * @purpose  Wrapper type
   */
  class Bytes extends Object implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
    protected
      $iterator = NULL;

    public 
      $buffer = '',
      $size   = 0;
    
    /**
     * Returns input as byte
     *
     * @param   mixed in
     * @return  string
     */
    protected function asByte($in) {
      return is_int($in) && -1 < $in && $in < 256 
        ? chr($in)
        : ($in instanceof Byte ? chr($in->value) : $in{0})
      ;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   mixed initial default NULL
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case argument is of incorrect type.
     */
    public function __construct($initial= NULL) {
      if (NULL === $initial) {
        // Intentionally empty
      } else if (is_array($initial)) {
        $this->buffer= implode('', array_map(array($this, 'asByte'), $initial));
      } else if (is_string($initial)) {
        $this->buffer= $initial;
      } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Expected either Byte[], char[], int[] or string');
      }
      $this->size= strlen($this->buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator for use in foreach()
     *
     * @see     php://language.oop5.iterations
     * @return  php.Iterator
     */
    public function getIterator() {
      if (!$this->iterator) $this->iterator= newinstance('Iterator', array($this), '{
        private $i= 0, $v;
        public function __construct($v) { $this->v= $v; }
        public function current() { $n= ord($this->v->buffer{$this->i}); return new Byte($n < 128 ? $n : $n - 256); }
        public function key() { return $this->i; }
        public function next() { $this->i++; }
        public function rewind() { $this->i= 0; }
        public function valid() { return $this->i < $this->v->size; }
      }');
      return $this->iterator;
    }

    /**
     * = list[] overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  lang.types.Byte 
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if offset does not exist
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset) {
      if ($offset >= $this->size || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      $n= ord($this->buffer{$offset});
      return new Byte($n < 128 ? $n : $n - 256);
    }

    /**
     * list[]= overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @param   mixed value
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if key is neither numeric (set) nor NULL (add)
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if key does not exist
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {
      if (NULL === $offset) {
        $this->buffer.= $this->asByte($value);
        $this->size++;
      } else if ($offset >= $this->size || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      } else {
        $this->buffer{$offset}= $this->asByte($value);
      }
    }

    /**
     * isset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset) {
      return ($offset >= 0 && $offset < $this->size);
    }

    /**
     * unset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if offset does not exist
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset) {
      if ($offset >= $this->size || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      $this->buffer= (
        substr($this->buffer, 0, $offset).
        substr($this->buffer, $offset+ 1, $this->size)
      );
      $this->size--;
    }

    /**
     * Returns this byte list's size
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function size() {
      return $this->size;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether a given object is equal to this object
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return (
        $cmp instanceof self && 
        $this->size === $cmp->size && 
        $this->buffer === $cmp->buffer
      );
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this bytes object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return md5($this->buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this string.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName().'('.$this->size.')@{'.addcslashes($this->buffer, "\0..\37\177..\377").'}';
    }

    /**
     * String conversion overloading. This is for use with fwrite()
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function __toString() {
      return $this->buffer;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Character.class.php 12200 2008-05-12 09:23:58Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.types.Bytes');

  /**
   * Represents a character, which may consist of one or more bytes.
   *
   * Examples:
   * <code>
   *   $c= new Character(8364);               // The EUR symbol (U+20AC)
   *   $c= new Character(0x20AC);             // ...same, using hexadecimal
   *   $c= new Character('�', 'ISO-8859-1');  // The German Umlaut A (capital)
   *
   *   $s= new String('�bercoder', 'ISO-8859-1');
   *   $c= $s->charAt(0);                     // The German Umlaut U (capital)
   *   $c= $s[0];                             // ...same, via [] operator
   *
   *   $c= $s->charAt(1);                     // "b"
   *   $c= $s[1];                             // "b"
   * </code>
   *
   * @ext      iconv
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.types.CharacterTest
   * @purpose  Wrapper type
   */
  class Character extends Object {
    protected
      $buffer= '';

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   mixed arg either a string or an int
     * @param   string charset default NULL
     */
    public function __construct($arg, $charset= NULL) {
      if (is_int($arg)) {
        $this->buffer= iconv('UCS-4BE', 'UTF-8', pack('N', $arg));
        return;
      }        

      $charset= strtoupper($charset ? $charset : iconv_get_encoding('input_encoding'));

      // Convert the input to internal encoding
      $this->buffer= iconv($charset, 'UTF-8', $arg);
      if (xp::errorAt(__FILE__, __LINE__ - 1)) {
        $message= key(xp::$registry['errors'][__FILE__][__LINE__ - 2]);
        xp::gc();
        throw new FormatException($message.($charset == 'UTF-8'  
          ? ' with charset '.$charset
          : $message.' while converting input from '.$charset.' to '.'UTF-8'
        ));
      }

      if (1 != ($l= iconv_strlen($this->buffer, 'UTF-8'))) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Given argument is too long ('.$l.')');
      }
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether a given object is equal to this object
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->buffer === $cmp->buffer;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this string object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->buffer;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this string. Uses the current
     * output encoding and transliteration.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return iconv('UTF-8', iconv_get_encoding('output_encoding').'//TRANSLIT', $this->buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this string. Uses the current
     * output encoding and transliteration.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function __toString() {
      return iconv(STR_ENC, iconv_get_encoding('output_encoding').'//TRANSLIT', $this->buffer);
    }
   
    /**
     * Returns the bytes representing this character
     *
     * @param   string charset default NULL
     * @return  lang.types.Bytes
     */
    public function getBytes($charset= NULL) {
      $charset= strtoupper($charset ? $charset : iconv_get_encoding('input_encoding'));

      return new Bytes(STR_ENC === $charset 
        ? $this->buffer 
        : iconv(STR_ENC, $charset, $this->buffer)
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Double.class.php 6201 2005-12-01 16:39:22Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.types.Number');

  /**
   * The Double class wraps a value of the type double
   *
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class Double extends Number {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Float.class.php 6201 2005-12-01 16:39:22Z friebe $
 */

  uses('lang.types.Number');

  /**
   * The Float class wraps a value of the type float
   *
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class Float extends Number {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Integer.class.php 6201 2005-12-01 16:39:22Z friebe $
 */

  uses('lang.types.Number');

  /**
   * The Integer class wraps a value of the type int 
   * 
   * Range: -2^31 - (2^31)- 1
   *
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class Integer extends Number {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Long.class.php 6201 2005-12-01 16:39:22Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.types.Number');

  /**
   * The Long class wraps a value of the type long 
   * 
   * Range: -2^63 - (2^63)- 1
   *
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class Long extends Number {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Number.class.php 12200 2008-05-12 09:23:58Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * The abstract class Number is the superclass of classes representing
   * numbers
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.types.NumberTest
   * @purpose  Base class
   */
  class Number extends Object {
    public
      $value = '';

    
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string value
     */
    public function __construct($value) {
      $this->value= (string)$value;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the value of this number as an int.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function intValue() {
      return (int)$this->value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this number as a float.
     *
     * @return  float
     */
    public function floatValue() {
      return (float)$this->value;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this number
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this number object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName().'('.$this->value.')';
    }
    
    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     *
     * @param   lang.Object cmp
     * @return  bool TRUE if the compared object is equal to this object
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->value === $cmp->value;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: package-info.xp 12156 2008-05-04 12:04:40Z friebe $
 */

/**
 * The types package contains type wrappers for types that exist in other
 * programming languages. These wrappers are simple value objects that are
 * used to tell apart an integer from a long in cases where the XP 
 * framework (which does not distinguish between the both) interacts with 
 * other programming languages which do.
 *
 * Numbers
 * =======
 * The following numeric types are supported:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Byte</li>
 *   <li>Float</li>
 *   <li>Long</li>
 *   <li>Short</li>
 *   <li>Integer</li>
 * </ul>
 * ...and map to whatever the "remote" type is defined as. They all take
 * strings as arguments to preserve the value exactly. The respective 
 * classes extend from the base class lang.reflect.Number.
 *
 * ArrayList
 * =========
 * This class represents a zero-indexed list of elements of any type.
 * It is used to give marshalling utilities an easy way to see whether
 * an array is "numeric" or not (PHP's array types can be either numeric,
 * hashes or a mix of both and aren't necessarily zero-indexed).
 *
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/52/2005/05/29/
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/54/2005/06/12/
 * @see      http://developer.xp-framework.net/xml/rfc/view?0038
 * @see      xp://lang.types.Number
 * @see      xp://lang.types.ArrayList
 * @purpose  Type wrappers
 */
package lang.types {
}
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Short.class.php 6201 2005-12-01 16:39:22Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.types.Number');

  /**
   * The Short class wraps a value of the type short 
   * 
   * Range: -2^15 - (2^15)- 1
   *
   * @purpose  Wrapper
   */
  class Short extends Number {
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: String.class.php 12200 2008-05-12 09:23:58Z friebe $ 
 */

  define('STR_ENC', 'UTF-8');

  uses('lang.types.Character', 'lang.types.Bytes');

  /**
   * Represents a string
   *
   * @ext      iconv
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.core.types.StringTest
   * @purpose  Wrapper type
   */
  class String extends Object implements ArrayAccess {
    protected 
      $buffer= '',
      $length= 0;

    /**
     * Convert a string to internal encoding
     *
     * @param   string string
     * @param   string charset default NULL
     * @return  string
     * @throws  lang.FormatException in case a conversion error occurs
     */
    protected function asIntern($arg, $charset= NULL) {
      if ($arg instanceof self) {
        return $arg->buffer;
      } else if ($arg instanceof Character) {
        return $arg->getBytes(STR_ENC);
      } else if (is_string($arg) || $arg instanceof Bytes) {
        $charset= strtoupper($charset ? $charset : iconv_get_encoding('input_encoding'));

        // Convert the input to internal encoding
        $buffer= iconv($charset, STR_ENC, $arg);
        if (xp::errorAt(__FILE__, __LINE__ - 1)) {
          $message= key(xp::$registry['errors'][__FILE__][__LINE__ - 2]);
          xp::gc();
          throw new FormatException($message.($charset == STR_ENC  
            ? ' with charset '.$charset
            : $message.' while converting input from '.$charset.' to '.STR_ENC
          ));
        }
        return $buffer;
      } else {
        return (string)$arg;
      }
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string initial default ''
     * @param   string charset default NULL
     */
    public function __construct($initial= '', $charset= NULL) {
      $this->buffer= $this->asIntern($initial, $charset);
      $this->length= iconv_strlen($this->buffer, STR_ENC);
    }

    /**
     * = list[] overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  lang.types.Character
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if key does not exist
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset) {
      return $this->charAt($offset);
    }

    /**
     * list[]= overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @param   mixed value
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if key is neither numeric (set) nor NULL (add)
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {
      if (!is_int($offset)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Incorrect type '.gettype($offset).' for index');
      }
      
      if ($offset >= $this->length || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      
      $char= $this->asIntern($value);
      if (1 != iconv_strlen($char, STR_ENC)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Set only allows to set one character!');
      }
      
      $this->buffer= (
        iconv_substr($this->buffer, 0, $offset, STR_ENC).
        $char.
        iconv_substr($this->buffer, $offset+ 1, $this->length, STR_ENC)
      );
    }

    /**
     * isset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset) {
      return ($offset >= 0 && $offset < $this->length);
    }

    /**
     * unset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset) {
      if ($offset >= $this->length || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      $this->buffer= (
        iconv_substr($this->buffer, 0, $offset, STR_ENC).
        iconv_substr($this->buffer, $offset+ 1, $this->length, STR_ENC)
      );
      $this->length= iconv_strlen($this->buffer, STR_ENC);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the string's length (the number of characters in this
     * string, not the number of bytes)
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function length() {
      return $this->length;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character at the given position
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  lang.types.Character
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if key does not exist
     */
    public function charAt($offset) {
      if ($offset >= $this->length || $offset < 0) {
        raise('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException', 'Offset '.$offset.' out of bounds');
      }
      return new Character(iconv_substr($this->buffer, $offset, 1, STR_ENC), STR_ENC);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of 
     * the specified substring.
     *
     * @param   mixed arg either a string or a String
     * @param   int start default 0
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function indexOf($arg, $start= 0) {
      $r= iconv_strpos($this->buffer, $this->asIntern($arg), $start, STR_ENC);
      return FALSE === $r ? -1 : $r;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of 
     * the specified substring.
     *
     * @param   mixed arg either a string or a String
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function lastIndexOf($arg) {
      $r= iconv_strrpos($this->buffer, $this->asIntern($arg), STR_ENC);
      return FALSE === $r ? -1 : $r;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
     *
     * @param   int start
     * @param   int length default 0
     * @return  lang.types.String
     */
    public function substring($start, $length= 0) {
      if (0 === $length) $length= $this->length;
      return new self(iconv_substr($this->buffer, $start, $length, STR_ENC), STR_ENC);
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether a given substring is contained in this string
     *
     * @param   mixed arg
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function contains($arg) {
      return -1 != $this->indexOf($arg);
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether a given substring is contained in this string
     *
     * @param   mixed old
     * @param   mixed new default ''
     * @return  lang.types.String this string
     */
    public function replace($old, $new= '') {
      $this->buffer= str_replace($this->asIntern($old), $this->asIntern($new), $this->buffer);
      $this->length= iconv_strlen($this->buffer, STR_ENC);
      return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the given argument to the end of this string and returns 
     * this String so it can be used in chained calls:
     * 
     * <code>
     *   $s= new String('Hello');
     *   $s->concat(' ')->concat('World');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   mixed arg
     * @return  lang.types.String this string
     */
    public function concat($arg) {
      $this->buffer.= $this->asIntern($arg);
      $this->length= iconv_strlen($this->buffer, STR_ENC);
      return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether this string starts with a given argument.
     *
     * @param   mixed arg either a string or a String
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function startsWith($arg) {
      return 0 == $this->indexOf($arg);
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether this string starts with a given argument.
     *
     * @param   mixed arg either a string or a String
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function endsWith($arg) {
      $bytes= $this->asIntern($arg);

      return (
        iconv_strlen($this->buffer, STR_ENC) - iconv_strlen($bytes, STR_ENC) === 
        iconv_strrpos($this->buffer, $bytes, STR_ENC)
      );
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns whether a given object is equal to this object
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->buffer === $cmp->buffer;
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this string object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return md5($this->buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this string. Uses the current
     * output encoding and transliteration.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return iconv(STR_ENC, iconv_get_encoding('output_encoding').'//TRANSLIT', $this->buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this string. Uses the current
     * output encoding and transliteration.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function __toString() {
      return iconv(STR_ENC, iconv_get_encoding('output_encoding').'//TRANSLIT', $this->buffer);
    }
   
    /**
     * Returns the bytes representing this string
     *
     * @param   string charset default 'UTF-8'
     * @return  lang.types.Bytes
     */
    public function getBytes($charset= NULL) {
      $charset= strtoupper($charset ? $charset : iconv_get_encoding('input_encoding'));

      return new Bytes(STR_ENC === $charset 
        ? $this->buffer 
        : iconv(STR_ENC, $charset, $this->buffer)
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: XPClass.class.php 11972 2008-03-29 19:16:54Z friebe $
 */

  uses(
    'lang.Type',
    'lang.reflect.Method',
    'lang.reflect.Field',
    'lang.reflect.Constructor',
    'lang.reflect.Modifiers',
    'lang.reflect.Package'
  );

  define('DETAIL_ARGUMENTS',      1);
  define('DETAIL_RETURNS',        2);
  define('DETAIL_THROWS',         3);
  define('DETAIL_COMMENT',        4);
  define('DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS',    5);
  define('DETAIL_NAME',           6);
 
  /**
   * Represents classes. Every instance of an XP class has an method
   * called getClass() which returns an instance of this class.
   *
   * Warning
   * =======
   * Do not construct this class publicly, instead use either the
   * $o->getClass() syntax or the static method 
   * $class= XPClass::forName('fully.qualified.Name')
   *
   * Examples
   * ========
   * To retrieve the fully qualified name of a class, use this:
   * <code>
   *   $o= new File('...');
   *   echo 'The class name for $o is '.$o->getClass()->getName();
   * </code>
   *
   * Create an instance of a class:
   * <code>
   *   $instance= XPClass::forName('util.Binford')->newInstance();
   * </code>
   *
   * Invoke a method by its name:
   * <code>
   *   try {
   *     $instance->getClass()->getMethod('connect')->invoke($instance);
   *   } catch (TargetInvocationException $e) {
   *     $e->getCause()->printStackTrace();
   *   }
   * </code> 
   *
   * @see      xp://lang.Object#getClass
   * @see      xp://lang.XPClass#forName
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.ReflectionTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.reflection.ClassDetailsTest
   * @purpose  Reflection
   */
  class XPClass extends Type {
    protected
      $_class   = NULL;

    public 
      $_reflect = NULL;
      
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   mixed ref either a class name, a ReflectionClass instance or an object
     */
    public function __construct($ref) {
      if ($ref instanceof ReflectionClass) {
        $this->_class= $ref->getName();
        $this->_reflect= $ref;
      } else if (is_object($ref)) {
        $this->_class= get_class($ref);
        $this->_reflect= new ReflectionClass($ref);
      } else {
        $this->_class= $ref;
        $this->_reflect= new ReflectionClass($ref);
      }
      parent::__construct(xp::nameOf($this->_class));
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves the package associated with this class
     * 
     * @return  lang.reflect.Package
     */
    public function getPackage() {
      return Package::forName(substr($this->name, 0, strrpos($this->name, '.')));
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this Class object.
     * The class is instantiated as if by a new expression with an empty argument list.
     *
     * Example
     * =======
     * <code>
     *   try {
     *     $o= XPClass::forName($name)->newInstance();
     *   } catch (ClassNotFoundException $e) {
     *     // handle it!
     *   }
     * </code>
     *
     * Example (passing arguments)
     * ===========================
     * <code>
     *   try {
     *     $o= XPClass::forName('peer.Socket')->newInstance('localhost', 6100);
     *   } catch (ClassNotFoundException $e) {
     *     // handle it!
     *   }
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   mixed* args
     * @return  lang.Object 
     * @throws  lang.IllegalAccessException in case this class cannot be instantiated
     */
    public function newInstance() {
      if ($this->_reflect->isInterface()) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException('Cannot instantiate interfaces');
      } else if ($this->_reflect->isAbstract()) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException('Cannot instantiate abstract classes');
      }
      
      try {
        if (!$this->hasConstructor()) return $this->_reflect->newInstance();
        $args= func_get_args();
        return $this->_reflect->newInstanceArgs($args);
      } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
        throw new IllegalAccessException($e->getMessage());
      }
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets class methods for this class
     *
     * @return  lang.reflect.Method[]
     */
    public function getMethods() {
      $list= array();
      foreach ($this->_reflect->getMethods() as $m) {
        if (0 == strncmp('__', $m->getName(), 2)) continue;
        $list[]= new Method($this->_class, $m);
      }
      return $list;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a method by a specified name. Returns NULL if the specified 
     * method does not exist.
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.reflect.Method
     * @see     xp://lang.reflect.Method
     */
    public function getMethod($name) {
      if ($this->hasMethod($name)) {
        return new Method($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getMethod($name));
      }
      return NULL;
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this class has a method named "$method" or not.
     *
     * Note
     * ====
     * Since in PHP, methods are case-insensitive, calling hasMethod('toString') 
     * will provide the same result as hasMethod('tostring')
     *
     * @param   string method the method's name
     * @return  bool TRUE if method exists
     */
    public function hasMethod($method) {
      return ((0 === strncmp('__', $method, 2))
        ? FALSE
        : $this->_reflect->hasMethod($method)
      );
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve if a constructor exists
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function hasConstructor() {
      return $this->_reflect->hasMethod('__construct');
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves this class' constructor. Returns NULL if no constructor
     * exists.
     *
     * @return  lang.reflect.Constructor
     * @see     xp://lang.reflect.Constructor
     */
    public function getConstructor() {
      if ($this->hasConstructor()) {
        return new Constructor($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getMethod('__construct')); 
      }
      return NULL;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a list of all member variables
     *
     * @return  lang.reflect.Field[] array of field objects
     */
    public function getFields() {
      $f= array();
      foreach ($this->_reflect->getProperties() as $p) {
        if ('__id' === $p->getName()) continue;
        $f[]= new Field($this->_class, $p);
      }
      return $f;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve a field by a specified name. Returns NULL if the specified
     * field does not exist
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @return  lang.reflect.Field
     */
    public function getField($name) {
      if (!$this->hasField($name)) return NULL;

      return new Field($this->_class, $this->_reflect->getProperty($name));
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether this class has a field named "$field" or not.
     *
     * @param   string field the fields's name
     * @return  bool TRUE if field exists
     */
    public function hasField($field) {
      return '__id' == $field ? FALSE : $this->_reflect->hasProperty($field);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the parent class's class object. Returns NULL if there
     * is no parent class.
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass class object
     */
    public function getParentclass() {
      return ($parent= $this->_reflect->getParentClass()) ? new self($parent) : NULL;
    }

    /**
     * Cast a given object to the class represented by this object
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic expression
     * @return  lang.Generic the given expression
     * @throws  lang.ClassCastException
     */
    public function cast(Generic $expression= NULL) {
      if (NULL === $expression) {
        return xp::null();
      } else if (is($this->name, $expression)) {
        return $expression;
      }
      raise('lang.ClassCastException', 'Cannot cast '.xp::typeOf($expression).' to '.$this->name);
    }
    
    /**
     * Tests whether this class is a subclass of a specified class.
     *
     * @param   string name class name
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isSubclassOf($name) {
      if ($name == $this->name) return FALSE;   // Catch bordercase (ZE bug?)
      return $this->_reflect->isSubclassOf(XPClass::forName($name)->_reflect);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the specified object is an instance of this
     * class. This is the equivalent of the is() core functionality.
     *
     * Examples
     * ========
     * <code>
     *   uses('io.File', 'io.TempFile');
     *   $class= XPClass::forName('io.File');
     * 
     *   var_dump($class->isInstance(new TempFile()));  // TRUE
     *   var_dump($class->isInstance(new File()));      // TRUE
     *   var_dump($class->isInstance(new Object()));    // FALSE
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   lang.Object obj
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isInstance($obj) {
      return is($this->name, $obj);
    }
    
    /**
     * Determines if this XPClass object represents an interface type.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isInterface() {
      return $this->_reflect->isInterface();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if this XPClass object represents an interface type.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEnum() {
      return $this->_reflect->isSubclassOf(xp::reflect('lang.Enum'));
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve interfaces this class implements
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass[]
     */
    public function getInterfaces() {
      $r= array();
      foreach ($this->_reflect->getInterfaces() as $iface) {
        $r[]= new self($iface->getName());
      }
      return $r;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the api doc comment for this class. Returns NULL if
     * no documentation is present.
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function getComment() {
      if (!($details= self::detailsForClass($this->name))) return NULL;
      return $details['class'][DETAIL_COMMENT];
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves this class' modifiers
     *
     * @see     xp://lang.reflect.Modifiers
     * @return  int
     */
    public function getModifiers() {
      $r= MODIFIER_PUBLIC;

      // Map PHP reflection modifiers to generic form
      $m= $this->_reflect->getModifiers();
      $m & ReflectionClass::IS_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT && $r |= MODIFIER_ABSTRACT;
      $m & ReflectionClass::IS_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT && $r |= MODIFIER_ABSTRACT;
      $m & ReflectionClass::IS_FINAL && $r |= MODIFIER_FINAL;
      
      return $r;
    }

    /**
     * Check whether an annotation exists
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @param   string key default NULL
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function hasAnnotation($name, $key= NULL) {
      $details= self::detailsForClass($this->name);

      return $details && ($key 
        ? array_key_exists($key, @$details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name]) 
        : array_key_exists($name, @$details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS])
      );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve annotation by name
     *
     * @param   string name
     * @param   string key default NULL
     * @return  mixed
     * @throws  lang.ElementNotFoundException
     */
    public function getAnnotation($name, $key= NULL) {
      $details= self::detailsForClass($this->name);

      if (!$details || !($key 
        ? array_key_exists($key, @$details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name]) 
        : array_key_exists($name, @$details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS])
      )) return raise(
        'lang.ElementNotFoundException', 
        'Annotation "'.$name.($key ? '.'.$key : '').'" does not exist'
      );

      return ($key 
        ? $details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name][$key] 
        : $details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS][$name]
      );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve whether a method has annotations
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function hasAnnotations() {
      $details= self::detailsForClass($this->name);
      return $details ? !empty($details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS]) : FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve all of a method's annotations
     *
     * @return  array annotations
     */
    public function getAnnotations() {
      $details= self::detailsForClass($this->name);
      return $details ? $details['class'][DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS] : array();
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the class loader a class was loaded with
     *
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader
     */
    public function getClassLoader() {
      return self::_classLoaderFor($this->name);
    }
    
    /**
     * Fetch a class' classloader by its name
     *
     * @param   string name fqcn of class
     * @return  lang.IClassLoader
     */
    protected static function _classLoaderFor($name) {
      sscanf(xp::$registry['classloader.'.$name], '%[^:]://%[^$]', $cl, $argument);
      return call_user_func(array(xp::reflect($cl), 'instanceFor'), $argument);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve details for a specified class. Note: Results from this 
     * method are cached!
     *
     * @param   string class fully qualified class name
     * @return  array or NULL to indicate no details are available
     */
    public static function detailsForClass($class) {
      static $details= array();

      if (!$class) return NULL;        // Border case
      if (isset($details[$class])) return $details[$class];

      // Retrieve class' sourcecode
      if (!($bytes= self::_classLoaderFor($class)->loadClassBytes($class))) return NULL;

      $details[$class]= array(array(), array());
      $annotations= array();
      $comment= NULL;
      $members= TRUE;
      $tokens= token_get_all($bytes);
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($tokens); $i < $s; $i++) {
        switch ($tokens[$i][0]) {
          case T_DOC_COMMENT:
            $comment= $tokens[$i][1];
            break;

          case T_COMMENT:

            // Annotations
            if (strncmp('#[@', $tokens[$i][1], 3) == 0) {
              $annotations[0]= substr($tokens[$i][1], 2);
            } else if (strncmp('#', $tokens[$i][1], 1) == 0) {
              $annotations[0].= substr($tokens[$i][1], 1);
            }

            // End of annotations
            if (']' == substr(rtrim($tokens[$i][1]), -1)) {
              $annotations= eval('return array('.preg_replace(
                array('/@([a-z_]+),/i', '/@([a-z_]+)\(\'([^\']+)\'\)/i', '/@([a-z_]+)\(/i', '/([^a-z_@])([a-z_]+) *= */i'),
                array('\'$1\' => NULL,', '\'$1\' => \'$2\'', '\'$1\' => array(', '$1\'$2\' => '),
                trim($annotations[0], "[]# \t\n\r").','
              ).');');
            }
            break;

          case T_CLASS:
          case T_INTERFACE:
            $details[$class]['class']= array(
              DETAIL_COMMENT      => trim(preg_replace('/\n   \* ?/', "\n", "\n".substr(
                $comment, 
                4,                              // "/**\n"
                strpos($comment, '* @')- 2      // position of first details token
              ))),
              DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS  => $annotations
            );
            $annotations= array();
            $comment= NULL;
            break;

          case T_VARIABLE:
            if (!$members) break;

            // Have a member variable
            $name= substr($tokens[$i][1], 1);
            $details[$class][0][$name]= array(
              DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS => $annotations
            );
            $annotations= array();
            break;

          case T_FUNCTION:
            $members= FALSE;
            while (T_STRING !== $tokens[$i][0]) $i++;
            $m= $tokens[$i][1];
            $details[$class][1][$m]= array(
              DETAIL_ARGUMENTS    => array(),
              DETAIL_RETURNS      => 'void',
              DETAIL_THROWS       => array(),
              DETAIL_COMMENT      => trim(preg_replace('/\n     \* ?/', "\n", "\n".substr(
                $comment, 
                4,                              // "/**\n"
                strpos($comment, '* @')- 2      // position of first details token
              ))),
              DETAIL_ANNOTATIONS  => $annotations,
              DETAIL_NAME         => $tokens[$i][1]
            );
            $matches= NULL;
            preg_match_all(
              '/@([a-z]+)\s*([^<\r\n]+<[^>]+>|[^\r\n ]+) ?([^\r\n ]+)?/',
              $comment, 
              $matches, 
              PREG_SET_ORDER
            );
            $annotations= array();
            $comment= NULL;
            foreach ($matches as $match) {
              switch ($match[1]) {
                case 'param':
                  $details[$class][1][$m][DETAIL_ARGUMENTS][]= $match[2];
                  break;

                case 'return':
                  $details[$class][1][$m][DETAIL_RETURNS]= $match[2];
                  break;

                case 'throws': 
                  $details[$class][1][$m][DETAIL_THROWS][]= $match[2];
                  break;
              }
            }
            break;

          default:
            // Empty
        }
      }
      
      // Return details for specified class
      return $details[$class]; 
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve details for a specified class and method. Note: Results 
     * from this method are cached!
     *
     * @param   string class unqualified class name
     * @param   string method
     * @return  array
     */
    public static function detailsForMethod($class, $method) {
      while ($details= self::detailsForClass(xp::nameOf($class))) {
        if (isset($details[1][$method])) return $details[1][$method];
        $class= get_parent_class($class);
      }
      return NULL;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve details for a specified class and field. Note: Results 
     * from this method are cached!
     *
     * @param   string class unqualified class name
     * @param   string method
     * @return  array
     */
    public static function detailsForField($class, $field) {
      while ($details= self::detailsForClass(xp::nameOf($class))) {
        if (isset($details[0][$field])) return $details[0][$field];
        $class= get_parent_class($class);
      }
      return NULL;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the XPClass object associated with the class with the given 
     * string name. Uses the default classloader if none is specified.
     *
     * @param   string name - e.g. "io.File", "rdbms.mysql.MySQL"
     * @param   lang.IClassLoader classloader default NULL
     * @return  lang.XPClass class object
     * @throws  lang.ClassNotFoundException when there is no such class
     */
    public static function forName($name, IClassLoader $classloader= NULL) {
      if (NULL === $classloader) {
        $classloader= ClassLoader::getDefault();
      }

      return $classloader->loadClass($name);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an array containing class objects representing all the 
     * public classes
     *
     * @return  lang.XPClass[] class objects
     */
    public static function getClasses() {
      $ret= array();
      foreach (get_declared_classes() as $name) {
        if (xp::registry('class.'.$name)) $ret[]= new self($name);
      }
      return $ret;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: XPException.class.php 8895 2006-12-19 11:54:21Z kiesel $
 */
 
 
  uses('lang.Throwable');
  
  /**
   * Exception
   *
   * @purpose  Base class for all other exceptions
   * @see      http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/exceptions/definition.html
   * @see      http://jinx.swiki.net/352
   * @see      http://www.artima.com/designtechniques/exceptions.html
   * @see      http://www.artima.com/designtechniques/desexcept.html
   */
  class XPException extends Throwable {
     
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: AbstractDeferredInvokationHandler.class.php 10594 2007-06-11 10:04:54Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('util.DeferredInitializationException', 'lang.reflect.InvocationHandler');

  /**
   * Lazy initializable InvokationHandler 
   *
   * @purpose  proxy
   */
  class AbstractDeferredInvokationHandler extends Object implements InvocationHandler {
    public
      $_instance = NULL;

    /**
     * Lazy initialization callback
     *
     * @return  lang.Object
     */
    public function initialize() { }

    /**
     * Processes a method invocation on a proxy instance and returns
     * the result.
     *
     * @param   lang.reflect.Proxy proxy
     * @param   string method the method name
     * @param   mixed* args an array of arguments
     * @return  mixed
     * @throws  util.DeferredInitializationException
     */
    public function invoke($proxy, $method, $args) {
      if (!isset($this->_instance)) {
        try {
          $this->_instance= $this->initialize();
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
          $this->_instance= NULL;
          throw(new DeferredInitializationException($method, $e));
        }
      }
      return call_user_func_array(array($this->_instance, $method), $args);
    }
    
  } 
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Binford.class.php 10594 2007-06-11 10:04:54Z friebe $
 */

  uses('peer.Header');
  
  /**
   * This class has more power
   *
   * @purpose  Add power to an application
   * @see      http://www.binford.de/
   */
  class Binford extends Object { 
    public 
      $poweredBy= 0;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   int power default 6100
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case power contains an illegal value
     */
    public function __construct($poweredBy= 6100) {
      $this->setPoweredBy($poweredBy);
    }
    
    /**
     * Set the power
     *
     * @param   int p power
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case the parameter p contains an illegal value
     */
    public function setPoweredBy($p) {
      if (!($x= log10($p / 6.1)) || (floor($x) != $x)) {
        throw(new IllegalArgumentException($p.' not allowed'));
      }
      $this->poweredBy= $p;
    }
   
    /**
     * Retrieve the power
     *
     * @return  int power
     */
    public function getPoweredBy() {
      return $this->poweredBy;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      return $this->getClassName().'('.$this->poweredBy.')';
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether another object is equal to this object.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->poweredBy == $cmp->poweredBy;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve header suited for HTTP/Mail
     *
     * Example:
     * <pre>
     *   X-Binford: 6100 (more power)
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return  peer.Header
     */
    public function getHeader() {
      return new Header('X-Binford', $this->poweredBy.' (more power)');
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 * 
 * $Id: Calendar.class.php 11057 2007-09-14 05:51:56Z kiesel $
 */
 
  define('CAL_SEC_HOUR',    3600);
  define('CAL_SEC_DAY',     86400);
  define('CAL_SEC_WEEK',    604800);
  
  define('CAL_DST_EU',      0x0000);
  define('CAL_DST_US',      0x0001);
  
  uses(
    'util.Date', 
    'util.TimeZone', 
    'util.TimeZoneTransition'
  );
  
  /**
   * Calendar class
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.CalendarTest
   * @purpose  Utility functions for date calculations
   */
  class Calendar extends Object {

    /**
     * Calculates start of DST (daylight savings time).
     *
     * This is the last Sunday of March for Europe, the first Sunday of 
     * April in the U.S.
     *
     * @param   mixed year default -1 Year, defaults to current year
     * @param   int method default CAL_DST_EU Method to calculate (CAL_DST_EU|CAL_DST_US)
     * @return  util.Date
     */
    public static function dstBegin($year= -1, $method= CAL_DST_EU) {
      switch (TRUE) {
        case $year instanceof Date: {
          $tz= $year->getTimeZone();
          $date= Date::create($year->getYear(), 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
          break;
        }
        
        default: {
          switch ($method) {
            default:
            case CAL_DST_EU: $tz= new TimeZone('Europe/Berlin'); break;
            case CAL_DST_US: $tz= new TimeZone('America/New_York'); break;
          }
          
          $date= ($year == -1
            ? Date::now()
            : Date::create($year, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
          );
          break;
        }
      }
      
      $transition= TimeZoneTransition::nextTransition($tz, $date);
      while (!$transition->isDst()) { $transition->next(); }
      return $transition->getDate();
    }
  
    /**
     * Calculates end of DST (daylight savings time)
     * This is the last Sunday of October
     *
     * @param   int year default -1 Year, defaults to current year
     * @return  util.Date
     */
    public static function dstEnd($year= -1) {
      $date= ($year == -1
        ? Date::now()
        : Date::create($year, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
      );

      $transition= TimeZoneTransition::nextTransition(new TimeZone('Europe/Berlin'), $date);
      while ($transition->isDst()) { $transition->next(); }
      return $transition->getDate();
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve whether a given date object is in daylight savings time.
     *
     * @param   util.Date date
     * @param   int method default CAL_DST_EU Method to calculate (CAL_DST_EU|CAL_DST_US)
     * @return  bool
     */
    public static function inDst(Date $date) {
      return (bool)$date->toString('I');
    }
  
    /**
     * Calculates the amount of workdays between to dates. Workdays are 
     * defined as Monday through Friday.
     *
     * This method takes an optional argument, an array of the following
     * form:
     *
     * <code>
     *   $holidays[gmmktime(...)]= TRUE;
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   util.Date start
     * @param   util.Date end
     * @param   array holidays default array() holidays to be included in calculation
     * @return  int number of workdays
     */
    public static function workdays($start, $end, $holidays= array()) {
      $s= $start->getTime();
      $e= $end->getTime();

      // For holidays, we have to compare to midnight
      // else, don't calculate this
      if (!empty($holidays)) $s-= $s % CAL_SEC_DAY;
      
      // Is there a more intelligent way of doing this?
      $diff= floor(($e - $s) / CAL_SEC_DAY);
      for ($i= $s; $i <= $e; $i+= CAL_SEC_DAY) {
        $diff-= ((date('w', $i)+ 6) % 7 > 4 || isset($holidays[$i]));
      }
      
      return $diff+ 1;
    }
    
    /**
     * Return midnight of a given date
     *
     * @param   util.Date date
     * @return  util.Date
     */
    public static function midnight($date) {
      return Date::create(
        $date->getYear(),
        $date->getMonth(),
        $date->getDay(),
        0,
        0,
        0,
        $date->getTimeZone()
      );
    }
    
    /**
     * Return beginning of month for a given date. E.g., given a date
     * 2003-06-08, the function will return 2003-06-01 00:00:00.
     *
     * @param   util.Date date
     * @return  util.Date
     */
    public static function monthBegin($date) {
      return Date::create(
        $date->getYear(),
        $date->getMonth(),
        1,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        $date->getTimeZone()
      );
    }

    /**
     * Return end of month for a given date. E.g., given a date
     * 2003-06-08, the function will return 2003-06-30 23:59:59.
     *
     * @param   util.Date date
     * @return  util.Date
     */
    public static function monthEnd($date) {
      return Date::create(
        $date->getYear(),
        $date->getMonth() + 1,
        0,
        23,
        59,
        59,
        $date->getTimeZone()
      );
    }

    /**
     * Helper method for Calendar::week
     *
     * @param   int stamp
     * @param   int year
     * @return  int
     */
    protected static function caldiff($stamp, $year) {
      $d4= mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 4, $year);
      return floor(1.05 + ($stamp- $d4) / CAL_SEC_WEEK+ ((date('w', $d4)+ 6) % 7) / 7);
    }
  
    /**
     * Returns calendar week for a day
     *
     * @param   util.Date date
     * @return  int calendar week
     * @see     http://www.salesianer.de/util/kalwoch.html 
     */
    public static function week($date) {
      $d= $date->getTime();
      $y= $date->getYear() + 1;
      do {
        $w= Calendar::caldiff($d, $y);
        $y--;
      } while ($w < 1);

      return (int)$w;
    }
    
    /**
     * Get first of advent for given year
     *
     * @param   int year default -1 year, defaults to this year
     * @return  util.Date for date of the first of advent
     * @see     http://www.salesianer.de/util/kalfaq.html
     */
    public static function advent($year= -1) {
      if (-1 == $year) $year= date('Y');
     
      $s= mktime(0, 0, 0, 11, 26, $year);
      while (0 != date('w', $s)) {
        $s+= CAL_SEC_DAY;
      }
      
      return new Date($s);
    }
    
    /**
     * Get easter date for given year
     *
     * @param   int year default -1 Year, defaults to this year
     * @return  util.Date date for Easter date
     * @see     http://www.koenigsmuenster.de/rsk/epakte.htm
     * @see     http://www.salesianer.de/util/kalfaq.html
     * @see     php://easter-date#user_contrib
     */
    public static function easter($year= -1) {
      if (-1 == $year) $year= date('Y');
      
      $g = $year % 19;
      $c = (int)($year / 100);
      $h = (int)($c - ($c / 4) - ((8*  $c + 13) / 25) + 19 * $g + 15) % 30;
      $i = (int)$h - (int)($h / 28) * (1 - (int)($h / 28)* (int)(29 / ($h+ 1)) * ((int)(21 - $g) / 11));
      $j = ($year + (int)($year / 4) + $i + 2 - $c + (int)($c / 4)) % 7;
      $l = $i - $j;
      $m = 3 + (int)(($l + 40) / 44);
      $d = $l + 28 - 31 * ((int)($m / 4));

      return Date::create($year, $m, $d, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns whether a year is a leap year
     *
     * @param   int year
     * @return  bool TRUE if the given year is a leap year
     */
    public static function isLeapYear($year) {
      return $year % 400 == 0 || ($year > 1582 && $year % 100 == 0 ? FALSE : $year % 4 == 0);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ChainedException.class.php 10982 2007-08-28 09:04:17Z friebe $
 */

  $package= 'util';

  /**
   * Chained Exception
   *
   * Note: This class will be removed in the near future and is provided 
   * solely as means to ensure code using the old util.ChainedException 
   * class will not bail at the uses() statement when upgraded to 
   * 5.6.0-RELEASE.
   * <code>
   *   uses('util.ChainedException');
   *
   *   throw new ChainedException(...);
   * </code>
   * The above will acutally throw a lang.ChainedException!
   *
   * @purpose   BC
   * @see       xp://lang.ChainedException
   * @deprecated Use lang.ChainedException instead
   */
  class util�ChainedException extends XPException {
    public
      $cause    = NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string message
     * @param   lang.Throwable cause
     */
    public function __construct($message, $cause) {
      parent::__construct($message);
      $this->cause= $cause;
    }

    /**
     * Set cause
     *
     * @param   lang.Throwable cause
     */
    public function setCause($cause) {
      $this->cause= $cause;
    }

    /**
     * Get cause
     *
     * @return  lang.Throwable
     */
    public function getCause() {
      return $this->cause;
    }
    
    /**
     * Return string representation of this exception
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $s= $this->compoundMessage()."\n";
      $t= sizeof($this->trace);
      for ($i= 0; $i < $t; $i++) {
        $s.= $this->trace[$i]->toString(); 
      }
      if (!$this->cause) return $s;
      
      $loop= $this->cause;
      while ($loop) {

        // String of cause
        $s.= 'Caused by '.$loop->compoundMessage()."\n";

        // Find common stack trace elements
        for ($ct= $cc= sizeof($loop->trace)- 1, $t= sizeof($this->trace)- 1; $ct > 0, $t > 0; $cc--, $t--) {
          if (!$loop->trace[$cc]->equals($this->trace[$t])) break;
        }

        // Output uncommon elements only and one line how many common elements exist!
        for ($i= 0; $i < $cc; $i++) {
          $s.= xp::stringOf($loop->trace[$i]); 
        }
        if ($cc != $ct) $s.= '  ... '.($ct - $cc + 1)." more\n";
        
        $loop= $loop instanceof ChainedException ? $loop->cause : NULL;
      }
      
      return $s;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework's experiments
 *
 * $Id: Command.class.php 9895 2007-04-05 14:55:39Z friebe $
 */

  uses('lang.Runnable');

  /**
   * Base class for all commands
   *
   * @purpose  Abstract base class
   */
  abstract class Command extends Object implements Runnable {
    public
      $out = NULL,
      $err = NULL;
    
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Console.class.php 10073 2007-04-21 19:00:02Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('io.streams.StringWriter', 'io.streams.ConsoleOutputStream');

  /**
   * Represents system console
   *
   * Example: Writing to standard output
   * <code>
   *   uses('util.cmd.Console');
   *
   *   Console::writeLine('Hello ', 'a', 'b', 1);   // Hello ab1
   *   Console::writeLinef('Hello %s', 'World');    // Hello World
   *
   *   Console::$out->write('.');
   * </code>
   *
   * Example: Writing to standard error
   * <code>
   *   uses('util.cmd.Console');
   *
   *   Console::$err->writeLine('*** An error occured: ', $e->toString());
   * </code>
   *
   * @see      http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/cpref/html/frlrfSystemConsoleClassTopic.asp
   * @purpose  I/O functions
   */
  class Console extends Object {
    public static 
      $out= NULL,
      $err= NULL;

    static function __static() {
      self::$out= new StringWriter(new ConsoleOutputStream(STDOUT));
      self::$err= new StringWriter(new ConsoleOutputStream(STDERR));
    }

    /**
     * Flush output buffer
     *
     */
    public static function flush() {
      self::$out->flush();
    }

    /**
     * Write a string to standard output
     *
     * @param   mixed* args
     */
    public static function write() {
      $a= func_get_args();
      call_user_func_array(array(self::$out, 'write'), $a);
    }
    
    /**
     * Write a string to standard output and append a newline
     *
     * @param   mixed* args
     */
    public static function writeLine() {
      $a= func_get_args();
      call_user_func_array(array(self::$out, 'writeLine'), $a);
    }
    
    /**
     * Write a formatted string to standard output
     *
     * @param   string format
     * @param   mixed* args
     * @see     php://printf
     */
    public static function writef() {
      $a= func_get_args();
      call_user_func_array(array(self::$out, 'writef'), $a);
    }

    /**
     * Write a formatted string to standard output and append a newline
     *
     * @param   string format
     * @param   mixed* args
     */
    public static function writeLinef() {
      $a= func_get_args();
      call_user_func_array(array(self::$out, 'writeLinef'), $a);
    }
    
    /**
     * Read a line from standard input. The line ending (\r and/or \n)
     * is trimmed off the end.
     *
     * @param   string prompt = NULL
     * @return  string
     */    
    public function readLine($prompt= NULL) {
      $prompt && self::$out->write($prompt.' ');
      $r= '';
      while ($bytes= fgets(STDIN, 0x20)) {
        $r.= $bytes;
        if (FALSE !== strpos("\r\n", substr($r, -1))) break;
      }
      return rtrim($r, "\r\n");
    }

    /**
     * Read a single character from standard input.
     *
     * @param   string prompt = NULL
     * @return  string
     */    
    public function read($prompt= NULL) {
      $prompt && self::$out->write($prompt.' ');
      return fgetc(STDIN);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: package-info.xp 11892 2008-03-22 21:08:46Z friebe $
 */

/**
 * Provides functionality for command line programs.
 *
 * Command
 * =======
 * This is the base class for all runnable classes.
 *
 * Example:
 * <code>
 *   uses('util.cmd.Command', 'peer.http.HttpConnection');
 *   
 *   class Head extends Command {
 *     protected 
 *       $conn    = NULL, 
 *       $verbose = FALSE; 
 *     
 *     #[@arg(position= 0)]
 *     public function setUrl($url) {
 *       $this->conn= new HttpConnection($url);
 *     }
 *     
 *     #[@arg]
 *     public function setVerbose() {
 *       $this->verbose= TRUE;    
 *     }
 *     
 *     public function run() {
 *       $this->verbose && $this->out->writeLine('Opening connection to ', $this->conn);
 *       $this->out->writeLine($this->conn->head()->toString());
 *     }
 *   }
 * </code>
 *
 * This can be run with the "xpcli" utility as follows:
 * <pre>
 *   $ xpcli Head http://de3.php.net/ -v
 * </pre>
 *
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/205/2007/07/22/
 * @purpose  CLI
 */
package util.cmd {
}
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: ParamString.class.php 11778 2008-03-02 10:44:00Z friebe $
 */
 
  /**
   * This class provides helpful functions for commandline applications
   * to parse the argument list
   *
   * It supports short and long options, e.g. -h or --help
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.ParamStringTest
   * @purpose  Easy access to commandline arguments
   */
  class ParamString extends Object {
    public 
      $list     = array(),
      $count    = 0,
      $string   = '';
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     * 
     * @param   array list default NULL the argv array. If omitted, $_SERVER['argv'] is used
     */
    public function __construct($list= NULL) {
      $this->setParams(NULL === $list ? $_SERVER['argv'] : $list);
    }
    
    /**
     * Set the parameter string
     * 
     * @param   array params
     */  
    public function setParams($params) {
      $this->list= $params;
      $this->list[-1]= @$_SERVER['_'];
      $this->count= sizeof($params);
      $this->string= implode(' ', $params);
    }
    
    /**
     * Private helper function that iterates through the parameter array
     * 
     * @param   string long long parameter (w/o --)
     * @param   string short default NULL Short parameter (w/o -), defaults to the first char of the long param
     * @return  mixed position on which the parameter is placed or FALSE if nonexistant
     */ 
    protected function _find($long, $short= NULL) {
      if (is_null($short)) $short= $long{0};
      foreach (array_keys($this->list) as $i) {
      
        // Short notation (e.g. -f value)
        if ($this->list[$i] == '-'.$short) return $i+ 1;
        
        // Long notation (e.g. --help, without a value)
        if ($this->list[$i] == '--'.$long) return $i;
        
        // Long notation (e.g. --file=*.txt)
        if (substr($this->list[$i], 0, strlen($long)+ 3) == '--'.$long.'=') return $i;
      }
      
      return FALSE;
    }
   
    /**
     * Checks whether a parameter is set
     * 
     * @see     xp://util.Properties#value
     * @param   string long long parameter (w/o --)
     * @param   string short default NULL Short parameter (w/o -), defaults to the first char of the long param
     * @return  boolean
     */  
    public function exists($long, $short= NULL) {
      if (is_int($long)) return isset($this->list[$long]);
      return ($this->_find($long, $short) !== FALSE);
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve the value of a given parameter
     *
     * Examples:
     * <code>
     *   $p= &new ParamString();
     *   if ($p->exists('help', '?')) {
     *     printf("Usage: %s %s --force-check [--pattern={pattern}]\n", $p->value(-1), $p->value(0));
     *     exit(-2);
     *   }
     * 
     *   $force= $p->exists('force-check', 'f');
     *   $pattern= $p->value('pattern', 'p', '.*');
     * 
     *   // ...
     * </code>
     * 
     * @param   string long long parameter (w/o --)
     * @param   string short default NULL Short parameter (w/o -), defaults to the first char of the long param
     * @param   string default default NULL A default value if parameter does not exist
     * @return  string 
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if parameter does not exist and no default value was supplied.
     */ 
    public function value($long, $short= NULL, $default= NULL) {
      if (is_int($long)) {
        if (NULL === $default && !isset($this->list[$long])) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException ('Parameter #'.$long.' does not exist');
        }

        return isset($this->list[$long]) ? $this->list[$long] : $default;
      }
  
      $pos= $this->_find($long, $short);
      if (FALSE === $pos && NULL === $default) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException ('Parameter --'.$long.' does not exist');
      }
      
      // Default usage (eg.: '--with-foo=bar')
      $length= strlen($long)+ 2;
      if ($pos !== FALSE && isset($this->list[$pos]) && strncmp('--'.$long, $this->list[$pos], $length) == 0) {
      
        // Usage with value (eg.: '--with-foo=bar')
        if (strlen($this->list[$pos]) > $length && '=' === $this->list[$pos]{$length}) {
          return substr($this->list[$pos], $length + 1);  // Return string after `--{option}=`
        }
          
        // Usage as switch (eg.: '--enable-foo')
        return NULL;
      }
      
      // Usage in short (eg.: '-v' or '-f /foo/bar')
      // If the found element is a new parameter, the searched one is used as
      // flag, so just return TRUE, otherwise return the value.
      if ($pos !== FALSE && (!isset($this->list[$pos]) || '-' === $this->list[$pos]{0})) {
        return $default;
      }
      
      return ($pos !== FALSE ? $this->list[$pos] : $default);
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Runner.class.php 12277 2008-06-07 19:24:20Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses(
    'util.cmd.ParamString',
    'io.streams.StringWriter', 
    'io.streams.ConsoleOutputStream',
    'util.log.Logger',
    'util.PropertyManager',
    'rdbms.ConnectionManager'
  );

  /**
   * Runs util.cmd.Command subclasses on the command line.
   *
   * Usage:
   * <pre>
   * $ xpcli [options] fully.qualified.class.Name [classoptions]
   * </pre>
   *
   * Options includes one of the following:
   * <pre>
   * -c:
   *   Set the path with which the PropertyManager is configured with. The
   *   PropertyManager is used for dependency injection. If a file called
   *   log.ini exists in this path, the Logger will be configured with. If
   *   a database.ini is present there, the ConnectionManager will be
   *   configured with it.
   * 
   * -cp:
   *   Add the path value to the class path.
   * </pre>
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.cmd.RunnerTest
   * @see      xp://util.cmd.Command
   * @purpose  Runner
   */
  class Runner extends Object {
    private static
      $out    = NULL,
      $err    = NULL;
    
    static function __static() {
      self::$out= new StringWriter(new ConsoleOutputStream(STDOUT));
      self::$err= new StringWriter(new ConsoleOutputStream(STDERR));
    }
  
    /**
     * Converts api-doc "markup" to plain text w/ ASCII "art"
     *
     * @param   string markup
     * @return  string text
     */
    protected static function textOf($markup) {
      $line= str_repeat('=', 72);
      return strip_tags(preg_replace(array(
        '#<pre>#', '#</pre>#', '#<li>#',
      ), array(
        $line, $line, '* ',
      ), trim($markup)));
    }
    
    /**
     * Show usage
     *
     * @param   lang.XPClass class
     */
    public static function showUsage(XPClass $class) {

      // Description
      if (NULL !== ($comment= $class->getComment())) {
        self::$err->writeLine(self::textOf($comment));
        self::$err->writeLine(str_repeat('=', 72));
      }

      $extra= $details= $positional= array();
      foreach ($class->getMethods() as $method) {
        if (!$method->hasAnnotation('arg')) continue;

        $arg= $method->getAnnotation('arg');
        $name= strtolower(preg_replace('/^set/', '', $method->getName()));;
        $comment= self::textOf($method->getComment());

        if (0 == $method->numParameters()) {
          $optional= TRUE;
        } else {
          list($first, )= $method->getParameters();
          $optional= $first->isOptional();
        }

        if (isset($arg['position'])) {
          $details['#'.($arg['position'] + 1)]= $comment;
          $positional[$arg['position']]= $name;
        } else if (isset($arg['name'])) {
          $details['--'.$arg['name'].' | -'.(isset($arg['short']) ? $arg['short'] : $arg['name']{0})]= $comment;
          $extra[$arg['name']]= $optional;
        } else {
          $details['--'.$name.' | -'.(isset($arg['short']) ? $arg['short'] : $name{0})]= $comment;
          $extra[$name]= $optional;
        }
      }

      // Usage
      asort($positional);
      self::$err->write('Usage: $ xpcli ', $class->getName(), ' ');
      foreach ($positional as $name) {
        self::$err->write('<', $name, '> ');
      }
      foreach ($extra as $name => $optional) {
        self::$err->write(($optional ? '[' : ''), '--', $name, ($optional ? '] ' : ' '));
      }
      self::$err->writeLine();

      // Argument details
      self::$err->writeLine('Arguments:');
      foreach ($details as $which => $comment) {
        self::$err->writeLine('* ', $which, "\n  ", $comment, "\n");
      }
    }
  
    /**
     * Main method
     *
     * @param   string[] args
     * @return  int
     */
    public static function main(array $args) {
      return create(new self())->run(new ParamString($args));
    }
    
    /**
     * Reassigns standard output stream
     *
     * @param   io.streams.OutputStream out
     * @return  io.streams.OutputStream the given output stream
     */
    public function setOut(OutputStream $out) {
      self::$out= new StringWriter($out);
      return $out;
    }

    /**
     * Reassigns standard error stream
     *
     * @param   io.streams.OutputStream error
     * @return  io.streams.OutputStream the given output stream
     */
    public function setErr(OutputStream $err) {
      self::$err= new StringWriter($err);
      return $err;
    }
    
    /**
     * Main method
     *
     * @param   util.cmd.ParamString params
     * @return  int
     */
    public function run(ParamString $params) {
      $pm= PropertyManager::getInstance();

      // No arguments given - show our own usage
      if ($params->count < 1) {
        self::$err->writeLine(self::textOf(XPClass::forName(xp::nameOf(__CLASS__))->getComment()));
        return 1;
      }

      // Separate runner options from class options
      for ($offset= 0, $i= 0; $i < $params->count; $i++) {
        if ('-c' === $params->list[$i]) {
          $pm->configure($params->list[$i+ 1]);
          $offset+= 2; $i++;
        } else if ('-cp' === $params->list[$i]) {
          foreach (explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $params->list[$i+ 1]) as $element) {
            ClassLoader::registerPath($element, FALSE);
          }
          $offset+= 2; $i++;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      
      // Sanity check
      if (!$params->exists($offset)) {
        self::$err->writeLine('*** Missing classname');
        return 1;
      }
      
      unset($params->list[-1]);
      $classname= $params->value($offset);
      $classparams= new ParamString(array_slice($params->list, $offset+ 1));

      // Class file or class name
      if (strstr($classname, xp::CLASS_FILE_EXT)) {
        $file= new File($classname);
        if (!$file->exists()) {
          self::$err->writeLine('*** Cannot load class from non-existant file ', $classname);
          return 1;
        }
        $uri= $file->getURI();
        $path= dirname($uri);
        $paths= array_flip(array_map('realpath', xp::$registry['classpath']));
        $class= NULL;
        while (FALSE !== ($pos= strrpos($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR))) { 
          if (isset($paths[$path])) {
            $class= XPClass::forName(strtr(substr($uri, strlen($path)+ 1, -10), DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '.'));
            break;
          }

          $path= substr($path, 0, $pos); 
        }

        if (!$class) {
          self::$err->writeLine('*** Cannot load class from ', $file);
          return 1;
        }
      } else {
        try {
          $class= XPClass::forName($classname);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException $e) {
          self::$err->writeLine('*** ', $e->getMessage());
          return 1;
        }
      }
      
      // Check whether class is runnable
      if (!$class->isSubclassOf('lang.Runnable')) {
          self::$err->writeLine('*** ', $class->getName(), ' is not runnable');
          return 1;
      }

      // Usage
      if ($classparams->exists('help', '?')) {
        self::showUsage($class);
        return 0;
      }

      // Load, instantiate and initialize
      $l= Logger::getInstance();
      $pm->hasProperties('log') && $l->configure($pm->getProperties('log'));

      $cm= ConnectionManager::getInstance();
      $pm->hasProperties('database') && $cm->configure($pm->getProperties('database'));

      $instance= $class->newInstance();
      $instance->out= self::$out;
      $instance->err= self::$err;

      foreach ($class->getMethods() as $method) {
        if ($method->hasAnnotation('inject')) {      // Perform injection
          $inject= $method->getAnnotation('inject');
          switch ($inject['type']) {
            case 'rdbms.DBConnection': {
              $args= array($cm->getByHost($inject['name'], 0));
              break;
            }

            case 'util.Properties': {
              $args= array($pm->getProperties($inject['name']));
              break;
            }

            case 'util.log.LogCategory': {
              $args= array($l->getCategory($inject['name']));
              break;
            }

            default: {
              self::$err->writeLine('*** Unknown injection type "'.$inject['type'].'"');
              return 2;
            }
          }

          try {
            $method->invoke($instance, $args);
          } catch (Throwable $e) {
            self::$err->writeLine('*** Error injecting '.$inject['name'].': '.$e->getMessage());
            return 2;
          }
        } else if ($method->hasAnnotation('args')) { // Pass all arguments
          if (!$method->hasAnnotation('args', 'select')) {
            $pass= array_slice($classparams->list, 0, $classparams->count);
          } else {
            $pass= array();
            foreach (preg_split('/, ?/', $method->getAnnotation('args', 'select')) as $def) {
              if (is_numeric($def) || '-' == $def{0}) {
                $pass[]= $classparams->value((int)$def);
              } else {
                sscanf($def, '[%d..%d]', $begin, $end);
                isset($begin) || $begin= 0;
                isset($end) || $end= $classparams->count- 1;

                while ($begin <= $end) {
                  $pass[]= $classparams->value($begin++);
                }
              }
            }
          }
          try {
            $method->invoke($instance, array($pass));
          } catch (Throwable $e) {
            self::$err->writeLine('*** Error for arguments '.$begin.'..'.$end.': '.$e->getMessage());
            return 2;
          }
        } else if ($method->hasAnnotation('arg')) {  // Pass arguments
          $arg= $method->getAnnotation('arg');
          if (isset($arg['position'])) {
            $name= '#'.($arg['position']+ 1);
            $select= intval($arg['position']);
            $short= NULL;
          } else if (isset($arg['name'])) {
            $name= $select= $arg['name'];
            $short= isset($arg['short']) ? $arg['short'] : NULL;
          } else {
            $name= $select= strtolower(preg_replace('/^set/', '', $method->getName()));
            $short= isset($arg['short']) ? $arg['short'] : NULL;
          }

          if (0 == $method->numParameters()) {
            if (!$classparams->exists($select, $short)) continue;
            $args= array();
          } else if (!$classparams->exists($select, $short)) {
            list($first, )= $method->getParameters();
            if (!$first->isOptional()) {
              self::$err->writeLine('*** Argument '.$name.' does not exist!');
              return 2;
            }

            $args= array();
          } else {
            $args= array($classparams->value($select, $short));
          }

          try {
            $method->invoke($instance, $args);
          } catch (TargetInvocationException $e) {
            self::$err->writeLine('*** Error for argument '.$name.': '.$e->getCause()->compoundMessage());
            return 2;
          }
        }
      }

      try {
        $instance->run();
      } catch (Throwable $t) {
        self::$err->writeLine('*** ', $t->compoundMessage());
        return 70;    // EX_SOFTWARE according to sysexits.h
      }
      return 0;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: SingleProcess.class.php 8971 2006-12-27 15:27:10Z friebe $
 */
 
  uses('io.File');

  /**
   * SingleProcess provides a way to insure a process is only running
   * once at a time.
   * 
   * Usage:
   * <code>
   *   $sp= &new SingleProcess();
   *   if (!$sp->lock()) {
   *     exit(-1);
   *   }
   *
   *   // [...operation which should only take part once at a time...]
   *
   *   $sp->unlock();
   * </code>
   *
   * @purpose  Lock process so it can only be run once
   */  
  class SingleProcess extends Object {
    public 
      $lockfile     = NULL;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   string lockfileName default NULL the lockfile's name,
     *          defaulting to <<program_name>>.lck
     */
    public function __construct($lockFileName= NULL) {
      if (NULL === $lockFileName) $lockFileName= $_SERVER['argv'][0].'.lck';
      $this->lockfile= new File($lockFileName);
    }
    
    /**
     * Lock this application
     *
     * @return  bool success
     */
    public function lock() {
      try {
        $this->lockfile->open(FILE_MODE_WRITE);
        $this->lockfile->lockExclusive();
      } catch (IOException $e) {
        $this->lockfile->close();
        return FALSE;
      }
      
      return TRUE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Unlock the application
     *
     * @return  bool Success
     */
    public function unlock() {
      if ($this->lockfile->unlock()) {
        $this->lockfile->close();
        $this->lockfile->unlink();
        return TRUE;
      }
      
      return FALSE;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: DJBX33AHashImplementation.class.php 8971 2006-12-27 15:27:10Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('util.collections.HashImplementation');

  /**
   * DJBX33A (Daniel J. Bernstein, Times 33 with Addition)
   *
   * This is Daniel J. Bernstein's popular `times 33' hash function as
   * posted by him years ago on comp.lang.c. It basically uses a function
   * like ``hash(i) = hash(i-1) * 33 + str[i]''. This is one of the best
   * known hash functions for strings. Because it is both computed very
   * fast and distributes very well.
   *
   * The magic of number 33, i.e. why it works better than many other
   * constants, prime or not, has never been adequately explained by
   * anyone. So I try an explanation: if one experimentally tests all
   * multipliers between 1 and 256 (as RSE did now) one detects that even
   * numbers are not useable at all. The remaining 128 odd numbers
   * (except for the number 1) work more or less all equally well. They
   * all distribute in an acceptable way and this way fill a hash table
   * with an average percent of approx. 86%. 
   *
   * If one compares the Chi^2 values of the variants, the number 33 not
   * even has the best value. But the number 33 and a few other equally
   * good numbers like 17, 31, 63, 127 and 129 have nevertheless a great
   * advantage to the remaining numbers in the large set of possible
   * multipliers: their multiply operation can be replaced by a faster
   * operation based on just one shift plus either a single addition
   * or subtraction operation. And because a hash function has to both
   * distribute good _and_ has to be very fast to compute, those few
   * numbers should be preferred and seems to be the reason why Daniel J.
   * Bernstein also preferred it.
   *
   * -- Ralf S. Engelschall
   *
   * @see      xp://util.collections.HashProvider
   * @purpose  Hashing
   */
  class DJBX33AHashImplementation extends Object implements HashImplementation {

    /**
     * Retrieve hash code for a given string
     *
     * @param   string str
     * @return  int hashcode
     */
    public function hashOf($str) {
      $hash= 5381;
      $offset= 0;
      for ($len= strlen($str); $len >= 8; $len-= 8) {
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
      }

      switch ($len) {
        case 7: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        case 6: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        case 5: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        case 4: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        case 3: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        case 2: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
        case 1: $hash= (($hash << 5) + $hash) + ord($str{$offset++});
      }
      return $hash;
    }

  } 
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: HashImplementation.class.php 8971 2006-12-27 15:27:10Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Hash implementation
   *
   * @see      xp://util.collections.HashProvider
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface HashImplementation {

    /**
     * Retrieve hash code for a given string
     *
     * @param   string str
     * @return  int hashcode
     */
    public function hashOf($str);

  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: HashProvider.class.php 10998 2007-09-01 14:12:03Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('util.collections.MD5HashImplementation');

  /**
   * Provides hashing functionality for maps.
   * 
   * Basic usage:
   * <code>
   *   $hashCode= HashProvider::hashOf($string);
   * </code>
   *
   * Uses MD5 as default hashing implementation. To change the hashing
   * implementation to be used, use the following:
   * <code>
   *   HashProvider::getInstance()->setImplementation(new MyHashImplementation());
   * </code>
   * 
   * @see      xp://util.collections.DJBX33AHashImplementation
   * @see      xp://util.collections.MD5HashImplementation
   * @see      xp://util.collections.Map
   * @purpose  Hashing
   */
  class HashProvider extends Object {
    protected static
      $instance = NULL;

    public
      $impl     = NULL;

    static function __static() {
      self::$instance= new self();
      self::$instance->setImplementation(new MD5HashImplementation());
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     */
    protected function __construct() {
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieve sole instance of this object
     *
     * @return  util.collections.HashProvider
     */
    public static function getInstance() {
      return self::$instance;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns hash for a given string
     *
     * @param   string str
     * @return  int
     */
    public static function hashOf($str) {
      return self::getInstance()->impl->hashOf($str);
    }

    /**
     * Set hashing implementation
     * 
     * @param   util.collections.HashImplementation impl
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException when impl is not a HashImplementation
     */
    public function setImplementation(HashImplementation $impl) {
      $this->impl= $impl;
    }

    /**
     * Get hashing implementation
     * 
     * @return  util.collections.HashImplementation
     */
    public function getImplementation() {
      return $this->impl;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: HashSet.class.php 11628 2007-12-25 15:09:33Z friebe $
 */

  uses('util.collections.HashProvider', 'util.collections.Set');

  /**
   * A set of objects
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.collections.HashSetTest
   * @purpose  Set implemenentation
   */
  class HashSet extends Object implements Set {
    protected static
      $iterate   = NULL;

    protected
      $_elements = array(),
      $_hash     = 0;

    public
      $__generic = array();

    static function __static() {
      self::$iterate= newinstance('Iterator', array(), '{
        private $i= 0, $v;
        public function on($v) { $self= new self(); $self->v= $v; return $self; }
        public function current() { return current($this->v); }
        public function key() { return $this->i; }
        public function next() { next($this->v); $this->i++; }
        public function rewind() { reset($this->v); $this->i= 0; }
        public function valid() { return $this->i < sizeof($this->v); }
      }');
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator for use in foreach()
     *
     * @see     php://language.oop5.iterations
     * @return  php.Iterator
     */
    public function getIterator() {
      return self::$iterate->on($this->_elements);
    }

    /**
     * = list[] overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  lang.Generic
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unsupported operation');
    }

    /**
     * list[]= overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @param   mixed value
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if key is neither numeric (set) nor NULL (add)
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {
       if (NULL === $offset) {
        $this->add($value);
      } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unsupported operation');
      }
    }

    /**
     * isset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset) {
      return $this->contains($offset);
    }

    /**
     * unset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset) {
      $this->remove($offset);
    }
    
    /**
     * Adds an object
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  bool TRUE if this set did not already contain the specified element. 
     */
    public function add(Generic $object) { 
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      $h= $object->hashCode();
      if (isset($this->_elements[$h])) return FALSE;
      
      $this->_hash+= HashProvider::hashOf($h);
      $this->_elements[$h]= $object;
      return TRUE;
    }

    /**
     * Removes an object from this set
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  bool TRUE if this set contained the specified element. 
     */
    public function remove(Generic $object) { 
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      $h= $object->hashCode();
      if (!isset($this->_elements[$h])) return FALSE;

      $this->_hash-= HashProvider::hashOf($h);
      unset($this->_elements[$h]);
      return TRUE;
    }

    /**
     * Removes an object from this set
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  bool TRUE if the set contains the specified element. 
     */
    public function contains(Generic $object) { 
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      return isset($this->_elements[$object->hashCode()]);
    }

    /**
     * Returns this set's size
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size() { 
      return sizeof($this->_elements);
    }

    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this set
     *
     */
    public function clear() { 
      $this->_elements= array();
      $this->_hash= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether this set is empty
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty() {
      return 0 == sizeof($this->_elements);
    }
    
    /**
     * Adds an array of objects
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic[] objects
     * @return  bool TRUE if this set changed as a result of the call. 
     */
    public function addAll($objects) { 
      $result= FALSE;
      $hash= $this->_hash;
      $elements= $this->_elements;
      
      for ($i= 0, $s= sizeof($objects); $i < $s; $i++) {
        if ($this->__generic && !$objects[$i] instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object #'.$i.' '.xp::stringOf($objects[$i]).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
        }
        $h= $objects[$i]->hashCode();
        if (isset($this->_elements[$h])) continue;
        
        $result= TRUE;
        $hash+= HashProvider::hashOf($h);
        $elements[$h]= $objects[$i];
      }
      
      $this->_hash= $hash;
      $this->_elements= $elements;
      
      return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this set. 
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic[] objects
     */
    public function toArray() { 
      return array_values($this->_elements);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this set
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->_hash;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this set equals another set.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->hashCode() === $cmp->hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this set
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $s= $this->getClassName().'['.sizeof($this->_elements).'] {';
      if (0 == sizeof($this->_elements)) return $s.' }';

      $s.= "\n";
      foreach (array_keys($this->_elements) as $key) {
        $s.= '  '.$this->_elements[$key]->toString().",\n";
      }
      return substr($s, 0, -2)."\n}";
    }

  } 
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: HashTable.class.php 10944 2007-08-24 10:53:35Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('lang.Primitive', 'util.collections.Map');

  /**
   * Hash table consisting of non-null objects as keys and values
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.collections.HashTableTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.collections.GenericsTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.collections.ArrayAccessTest
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.collections.BoxingTest
   * @see      xp://util.collections.Map
   * @purpose  Map interface implementation
   */
  class HashTable extends Object implements Map, ArrayAccess {
    protected
      $_buckets  = array(),
      $_hash     = 0;
    
    public
      $__generic = array();

    /**
     * = list[] overloading
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic offset
     * @return  lang.Generic
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset) {
      return $this->get($offset);
    }

    /**
     * list[]= overloading
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic offset
     * @param   lang.Generic value
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {
      $this->put($offset, $value);
    }

    /**
     * isset() overloading
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic offset
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset) {
      return $this->containsKey($offset);
    }

    /**
     * unset() overloading
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic offset
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset) {
      $this->remove($offset);
    }

    /**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
     * If the map previously contained a mapping for this key, the old 
     * value is replaced by the specified value.
     * Returns previous value associated with specified key, or NULL if 
     * there was no mapping for the specified key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @param   lang.Generic value
     * @return  lang.Generic the previous value associated with the key
     */
    public function put($key, Generic $value) {
      $k= Primitive::boxed($key);
      
      if ($this->__generic) {
        if (!$k instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Key '.xp::stringOf($k).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
        } else if (!$value instanceof $this->__generic[1]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Value '.xp::stringOf($value).' must be of '.$this->__generic[1]);
        }
      }
      
      $h= $k->hashCode();
      if (!isset($this->_buckets[$h])) {
        $previous= NULL;
      } else {
        $previous= $this->_buckets[$h][1];
      }

      $this->_buckets[$h]= array($k, $value);
      $this->_hash+= HashProvider::hashOf($h.$value->hashCode());
      return $previous;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key. 
     * Returns NULL if the map contains no mapping for this key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @return  lang.Generic the value associated with the key
     */
    public function get($key) {
      $k= Primitive::boxed($key);

      if ($this->__generic) {
        if (!$k instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Key '.xp::stringOf($k).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
        }
      }

      $h= $k->hashCode();
      if (!isset($this->_buckets[$h])) return NULL; 

      return $this->_buckets[$h][1];
    }
    
    /**
     * Removes the mapping for this key from this map if it is present.
     * Returns the value to which the map previously associated the key, 
     * or null if the map contained no mapping for this key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @return  lang.Generic the previous value associated with the key
     */
    public function remove($key) {
      $k= Primitive::boxed($key);

      if ($this->__generic) {
        if (!$k instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Key '.xp::stringOf($k).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
        }
      }

      $h= $k->hashCode();
      if (!isset($this->_buckets[$h])) {
        $previous= NULL;
      } else {
        $previous= $this->_buckets[$h][1];
        $this->_hash-= HashProvider::hashOf($h.$previous->hashCode());
        unset($this->_buckets[$h]);
      }

      return $previous;
    }
    
    /**
     * Removes all mappings from this map.
     *
     */
    public function clear() {
      $this->_buckets= array();
      $this->_hash= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map
     *
     */
    public function size() {
      return sizeof($this->_buckets);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings. 
     *
     */
    public function isEmpty() {
      return empty($this->_buckets);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function containsKey($key) {
      $k= Primitive::boxed($key);
      if ($this->__generic) {
        if (!$k instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Key '.xp::stringOf($k).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
        }
      }
      return isset($this->_buckets[$k->hashCode()]);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value. 
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic value
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function containsValue(Generic $value) {
      if ($this->__generic) {
        if (!$value instanceof $this->__generic[1]) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Value '.xp::stringOf($value).' must be of '.$this->__generic[1]);
        }
      }
      foreach (array_keys($this->_buckets) as $key) {
        if ($this->_buckets[$key][1]->equals($value)) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this map
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->_hash;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this map equals another map.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return (
        ($cmp instanceof Map) && 
        ($this->hashCode() === $cmp->hashCode())
      );
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an array of keys
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic[]
     */
    public function keys() {
      $keys= array();
      foreach (array_keys($this->_buckets) as $key) {
        $keys[]= $this->_buckets[$key][0];
      }
      return $keys;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this map
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $s= $this->getClassName().'['.sizeof($this->_buckets).'] {';
      if (0 == sizeof($this->_buckets)) return $s.' }';

      $s.= "\n";
      foreach (array_keys($this->_buckets) as $key) {
        $s.= '  '.$this->_buckets[$key][0]->toString().' => '.$this->_buckets[$key][1]->toString().",\n";
      }
      return substr($s, 0, -2)."\n}";
    }

  } 
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: IList.class.php 11588 2007-12-24 15:04:36Z kiesel $ 
 */

  uses('lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException');

  /**
   * Interface for lists
   *
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface IList extends ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {

    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this list.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size();
    
    /**
     * Tests if this list has no elements.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty();

    /**
     * Adds an element to this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  lang.Generic the added element
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function add(Generic $element);

    /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with 
     * the specified element.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  lang.Generic the element previously at the specified position.
     */
    public function set($index, Generic $element);

    /**
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if key does not exist
     */
    public function get($index);
 
    /**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one 
     * from their indices).
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Generic the element that was removed from the list
     */
    public function remove($index);

    /**
     * Checks if a value exists in this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function contains(Generic $element);

    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will be empty 
     * after this call returns.
     *
     */
    public function clear();
 

  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: LRUBuffer.class.php 10165 2007-04-29 17:06:20Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * LRU (last recently used) buffer.
   *
   * The last recently used (that is, the longest time unchanged) 
   * element will be deleted when calling add().
   *
   * @purpose  Abstract data type
   */
  class LRUBuffer extends Object {
    protected
      $size      = 0,
      $_access   = array(),
      $_elements = array();

    public
      $__generic = array();
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   int size
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException is size is not greater than zero
     */
    public function __construct($size) {
      $this->setSize($size);
    }
    
    /**
     * Add an element to the buffer and return the id of the element 
     * which has been deleted in exchange. Returns NULL for the case 
     * that no element has been deleted (which is the case when the 
     * buffer's size has not yet been exceeded).
     *
     * <code>
     *   $deleted= $buf->add($key);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  lang.Generic victim
     */
    public function add(Generic $element) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      $h= $element->hashCode();
      $this->_access[$h]= microtime(TRUE);
      $this->_elements[$h]= $element;

      // Check if this buffer's size has been exceeded
      if (sizeof($this->_access) <= $this->size) return NULL;
      
      // Find the position of the smallest value and delete it
      $p= array_search(min($this->_access), $this->_access, TRUE);
      $victim= $this->_elements[$p];

      unset($this->_access[$p]);
      unset($this->_elements[$p]);

      return $victim;
    }
    
    /**
     * Update an element
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     */
    public function update(Generic $element) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      $this->_access[$element->hashCode()]= microtime(TRUE);
    }
    
    /**
     * Get number of elements currently contained in this buffer
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function numElements() {
      return sizeof($this->_access);
    }
    
    /**
     * Set size
     *
     * @param   int size
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException is size is not greater than zero
     */
    public function setSize($size) {
      if ($size <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(
        'Size must be greater than zero, '.$size.' given'
      );

      $this->size= $size;
    }

    /**
     * Get size
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function getSize() {
      return $this->size;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Map.class.php 10168 2007-04-29 17:08:43Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('util.collections.HashProvider');

  /**
   * An object that maps keys to values. A map cannot contain duplicate 
   * keys; each key can map to at most one value. 
   *
   * @see      xp://util.collections.HashProvider
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface Map {
    
    /**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
     * If the map previously contained a mapping for this key, the old 
     * value is replaced by the specified value.
     * Returns previous value associated with specified key, or NULL if 
     * there was no mapping for the specified key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @param   lang.Generic value
     * @return  lang.Generic the previous value associated with the key
     */
    public function put($key, Generic $value);

    /**
     * Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key. 
     * Returns NULL if the map contains no mapping for this key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @return  lang.Generic the value associated with the key
     */
    public function get($key);
    
    /**
     * Removes the mapping for this key from this map if it is present.
     * Returns the value to which the map previously associated the key, 
     * or null if the map contained no mapping for this key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @return  lang.Generic the previous value associated with the key
     */
    public function remove($key);
    
    /**
     * Removes all mappings from this map.
     *
     */
    public function clear();

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map
     *
     */
    public function size();

    /**
     * Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings. 
     *
     */
    public function isEmpty();
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic key
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function containsKey($key);

    /**
     * Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value. 
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic value
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function containsValue(Generic $value);

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this map
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode();
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this map equals another map.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp);

  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: MD5HashImplementation.class.php 10455 2007-05-30 12:36:44Z friebe $
 */

  uses('util.collections.HashImplementation');

  /**
   * MD5
   *
   * @see      php://md5
   * @see      xp://util.collections.HashProvider
   * @purpose  Hashing
   */
  class MD5HashImplementation extends Object implements HashImplementation {

    /**
     * Retrieve hash code for a given string
     *
     * @param   string str
     * @return  int hashcode
     */
    public function hashOf($str) {
      return '0x'.md5($str);
    }
  } 
?>
<?php
/* This file is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: package-info.xp 12156 2008-05-04 12:04:40Z friebe $
 */

/**
 * The util.collections package provides collection classes. All of the
 * classes in this package work with objects only and not with primitives!
 *
 * The Map interface
 * =================
 * Defines an object that maps keys to values. No key can occur more than
 * once. Implemented by the util.collections.HashTable class.
 *
 * The Set interface
 * =================
 * Defines a list of unique elements, that is, no same element will occur
 * twice. Implemented by the util.collections.HashSet class.
 *
 * The IList interface
 * ===================
 * Defines a zero-based, resizeable list of elements. Implemented by the
 * util.collections.Vector class.
 *
 * Generics
 * ========
 * The util.collections classes support generic variants of themselves.
 *
 * Example:
 * <code>
 *   $ht= new HashTable();
 *   $hg= create('new HashTable<lang.types.String, lang.Object>()');
 *   
 *   with ($key= new Integer(1); $value= new String('one')); {
 *     $ht->put($key, $value);  // OK
 *     $hg->put($key, $value);  // *** IllegalArgumentException, key not a string!
 *   }
 * </code>
 *
 * Overloading
 * ===========
 * The util.collections classes overload array access where applicable:
 *
 * <code>
 *   $h= new HashTable();
 *   $h['hello']= new Greeting('Hello');
 *   
 *   $v= create('new Vector<net.xp_forge.language.Greeting>()');
 *   $v[]= new Greeting('Hallo');
 *   $v[]= new Greeting('Servus');
 *   $v[]= new Greeting('Gr�ezi');
 *   
 *   Console::writeLine('Hello in German: ', $v[0]);
 * </code>
 *
 * @see      xp://lang.types.ArrayList
 * @see      http://developer.xp-framework.net/xml/rfc/view?0106
 * @see      http://news.xp-framework.net/article/180/2007/04/29/
 * @purpose  Colllections
 */
package util.collections {
}
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Queue.class.php 10165 2007-04-29 17:06:20Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses(
    'lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException',
    'util.NoSuchElementException',
    'util.collections.HashProvider'
  );

  /**
   * A First-In-First-Out (FIFO) queue of objects.
   *
   * Example:
   * <code>
   *   uses('util.collections.Queue', 'text.String');
   *   
   *   // Fill queue
   *   with ($q= new Queue()); {
   *     $q->put(new String('One'));
   *     $q->put(new String('Two'));
   *     $q->put(new String('Three'));
   *     $q->put(new String('Four'));
   *   }
   *   
   *   // Empty queue
   *   while (!$q->isEmpty()) {
   *     var_dump($q->get());
   *   }
   * </code>
   *
   * @purpose  FIFO
   * @see      xp://util.collections.Stack
   * @see      http://www.faqs.org/docs/javap/c12/ex-12-1-answer.html
   */
  class Queue extends Object {
    protected
      $_elements = array(),
      $_hash     = 0;

    public
      $__generic = array();
  
    /**
     * Puts an item into the queue. Returns the element that was added.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  lang.Generic object
     */
    public function put(Generic $object) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      $this->_elements[]= $object;
      $this->_hash+= HashProvider::hashOf($object->hashCode());
      return $object;
    }

    /**
     * Gets an item from the front of the queue.
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  util.NoSuchElementException
     */    
    public function get() {
      if (empty($this->_elements)) {
        throw new NoSuchElementException('Queue is empty');
      }

      $e= $this->_elements[0];
      $this->_hash-= HashProvider::hashOf($e->hashCode());
      $this->_elements= array_slice($this->_elements, 1);
      return $e;
    }
    
    /**
     * Peeks at the front of the queue (retrieves the first element 
     * without removing it).
     *
     * Returns NULL in case the queue is empty.
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic object
     */        
    public function peek() {
      if (empty($this->_elements)) return NULL; else return $this->_elements[0];
    }
  
    /**
     * Returns true if the queue is empty. This is effectively the same
     * as testing size() for 0.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty() {
      return empty($this->_elements);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the size of the queue.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size() {
      return sizeof($this->_elements);
    }
    
    /**
     * Sees if an object is in the queue and returns its position.
     * Returns -1 if the object is not found.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  int position
     */
    public function search(Generic $object) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      return ($keys= array_keys($this->_elements, $object)) ? $keys[0] : -1;
    }

    /**
     * Remove an object from the queue. Returns TRUE in case the element
     * was deleted, FALSE otherwise.
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function remove(Generic $object) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      if (-1 == ($pos= $this->search($object))) return FALSE;
      
      $this->_hash-= HashProvider::hashOf($this->_elements[$pos]->hashCode());
      unset($this->_elements[$pos]);
      $this->_elements= array_values($this->_elements);   // Re-index
      return TRUE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves an element by its index.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
     */
    public function elementAt($index) {
      if (!isset($this->_elements[$index])) {
        throw(new IndexOutOfBoundsException('Index '.$index.' out of bounds'));
      }
      return $this->_elements[$index];
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this queue
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->_hash;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this queue equals another queue.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return (
        is('util.collections.Queue', $cmp) && 
        ($this->hashCode() === $cmp->hashCode())
      );
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Set.class.php 10167 2007-04-29 17:07:51Z friebe $
 */

  /**
   * A set of objects
   *
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface Set extends ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
  
    /**
     * Adds an object
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  bool TRUE if this set did not already contain the specified element. 
     */
    public function add(Generic $object);

    /**
     * Removes an object from this set
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  bool TRUE if this set contained the specified element. 
     */
    public function remove(Generic $object);

    /**
     * Removes an object from this set
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  bool TRUE if the set contains the specified element. 
     */
    public function contains(Generic $object);

    /**
     * Returns this set's size
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size();

    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this set
     *
     */
    public function clear();

    /**
     * Returns whether this set is empty
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty();

    /**
     * Adds an array of objects
     *
     * @param   lang.Object[] objects
     * @return  bool TRUE if this set changed as a result of the call. 
     */
    public function addAll($objects);

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this set. 
     *
     * @return  lang.Object[] objects
     */
    public function toArray();

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this set
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode();
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this set equals another set.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp);
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Stack.class.php 10165 2007-04-29 17:06:20Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses(
    'lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException',
    'util.NoSuchElementException',
    'util.collections.HashProvider'
  );

  /**
   * A Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) stack of objects.
   *
   * Example:
   * <code>
   *   uses('util.collections.Stack', 'text.String');
   *   
   *   // Fill stack
   *   with ($s= new Stack()); {
   *     $s->push(new String('One'));
   *     $s->push(new String('Two'));
   *     $s->push(new String('Three'));
   *     $s->push(new String('Four'));
   *   }
   *   
   *   // Empty stack
   *   while (!$s->isEmpty()) {
   *     var_dump($s->pop());
   *   }
   * </code>
   *
   * @purpose  LIFO
   * @see      xp://util.collections.Queue
   * @see      http://www.faqs.org/docs/javap/c12/ex-12-1-answer.html
   * @see      http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/java/util/Stack.html 
   */
  class Stack extends Object {
    protected
      $_elements = array(),
      $_hash     = 0;

    public
      $__generic = array();
  
    /**
     * Pushes an item onto the top of the stack. Returns the element that 
     * was added.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  lang.Generic object
     */
    public function push(Generic $object) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      array_unshift($this->_elements, $object);
      $this->_hash+= HashProvider::hashOf($object->hashCode());
      return $object;
    }

    /**
     * Gets an item from the top of the stack
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  util.NoSuchElementException
     */    
    public function pop() {
      if (empty($this->_elements)) {
        throw(new NoSuchElementException('Stack is empty'));
      }
      $element= array_shift($this->_elements);
      $this->_hash+= HashProvider::hashOf($element->hashCode());
      return $element;
    }

    /**
     * Peeks at the front of the stack (retrieves the first element 
     * without removing it).
     *
     * Returns NULL in case the stack is empty.
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic object
     */        
    public function peek() {
      if (empty($this->_elements)) return NULL; else return $this->_elements[0];
    }
  
    /**
     * Returns true if the stack is empty. This is effectively the same
     * as testing size() for 0.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty() {
      return empty($this->_elements);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the size of the stack.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size() {
      return sizeof($this->_elements);
    }
    
    /**
     * Sees if an object is in the stack and returns its position.
     * Returns -1 if the object is not found.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic object
     * @return  int position
     */
    public function search(Generic $object) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$object instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Object '.xp::stringOf($object).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }
      return ($keys= array_keys($this->_elements, $object)) ? $keys[0] : -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves an element by its index.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
     */
    public function elementAt($index) {
      if (!isset($this->_elements[$index])) {
        throw(new IndexOutOfBoundsException('Index '.$index.' out of bounds'));
      }
      return $this->_elements[$index];
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this queue
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function hashCode() {
      return $this->_hash;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns true if this queue equals another queue.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic cmp
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      return $cmp instanceof self && $this->hashCode() === $cmp->hashCode();
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Vector.class.php 11729 2008-01-23 18:09:53Z friebe $ 
 */

  uses('util.collections.IList');

  /**
   * Resizable array list
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.collections.VectorTest
   * @see      xp://lang.types.ArrayList
   * @purpose  IList implementation
   */
  class Vector extends Object implements IList {
    protected static
      $iterate   = NULL;

    protected
      $elements  = array(),
      $size      = 0;

    public
      $__generic = array();

    static function __static() {
      self::$iterate= newinstance('Iterator', array(), '{
        private $i= 0, $v;
        public function on($v) { $self= new self(); $self->v= $v; return $self; }
        public function current() { return $this->v[$this->i]; }
        public function key() { return $this->i; }
        public function next() { $this->i++; }
        public function rewind() { $this->i= 0; }
        public function valid() { return $this->i < sizeof($this->v); }
      }');
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic[] elements default array()
     */
    public function __construct(array $elements= array()) {
      foreach ($elements as $element) {
        if ($this->__generic) {
          if (!$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
          }
        }
        $this->elements[]= $element;
      }
      $this->size= sizeof($this->elements);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator for use in foreach()
     *
     * @see     php://language.oop5.iterations
     * @return  php.Iterator
     */
    public function getIterator() {
      return self::$iterate->on($this->elements);
    }

    /**
     * = list[] overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  lang.Generic
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset) {
      return $this->get($offset);
    }

    /**
     * list[]= overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @param   mixed value
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException if key is neither numeric (set) nor NULL (add)
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {
      if (is_int($offset)) {
        $this->set($offset, $value);
      } else if (NULL === $offset) {
        $this->add($value);
      } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Incorrect type '.gettype($offset).' for index');
      }
    }

    /**
     * isset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset) {
      return ($offset >= 0 && $offset < $this->size);
    }

    /**
     * unset() overloading
     *
     * @param   int offset
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset) {
      $this->remove($offset);
    }
      
    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this list.
     *
     * @return  int
     */
    public function size() {
      return $this->size;
    }
    
    /**
     * Tests if this list has no elements.
     *
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function isEmpty() {
      return 0 == $this->size;
    }
    
    /**
     * Adds an element to this list
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  lang.Generic the added element
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function add(Generic $element) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }

      $this->elements[]= $element;
      $this->size++;
      return $element;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an element to this list
     *
     * @param   * elements either an array or an Traversable
     * @return  bool TRUE if the vector was changed as a result of this operation, FALSE if not
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public function addAll($elements) {
      if (!is_array($elements) && !$elements instanceof Traversable) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(sprintf(
          'Expected either an array or an Traversable',
          xp::typeOf($elements)
        ));
      }

      $e= array();
      $type= $this->__generic ? $this->__generic[0] : xp::reflect('lang.Generic');
      foreach ($elements as $element) {
        if (!$element instanceof $type) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$type);
        }
        $e[]= $element;
      }
      $size= sizeof($e);
      $this->elements= array_merge($this->elements, $e);
      $this->size+= $size;
      return $size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with 
     * the specified element.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  lang.Generic the element previously at the specified position.
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
     */
    public function set($index, Generic $element) {
      if ($index < 0 || $index >= $this->size) {
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException('Offset '.$index.' out of bounds');
      }

      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }

      $orig= $this->elements[$index];
      $this->elements[$index]= $element;
      return $orig;
    }
        
    /**
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Generic
     * @throws  lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if key does not exist
     */
    public function get($index) {
      if ($index < 0 || $index >= $this->size) {
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException('Offset '.$index.' out of bounds');
      }
      return $this->elements[$index];
    }
    
    /**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one 
     * from their indices).
     *
     * @param   int index
     * @return  lang.Generic the element that was removed from the list
     */
    public function remove($index) {
      if ($index < 0 || $index >= $this->size) {
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException('Offset '.$index.' out of bounds');
      }

      $orig= $this->elements[$index];
      unset($this->elements[$index]);
      $this->elements= array_values($this->elements);
      $this->size--;
      return $orig;
    }
    
    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will be empty 
     * after this call returns.
     *
     */
    public function clear() {
      $this->elements= array();
      $this->size= 0;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an array of this list's elements
     *
     * @return  lang.Generic[]
     */
    public function elements() {
      return $this->elements;
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks if a value exists in this array
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function contains(Generic $element) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }

      for ($i= 0; $i < $this->size; $i++) {
        if ($this->elements[$i]->equals($element)) return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Searches for the first occurence of the given argument
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  int offset where the element was found or FALSE
     */
    public function indexOf(Generic $element) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }

      for ($i= 0; $i < $this->size; $i++) {
        if ($this->elements[$i]->equals($element)) return $i;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * Searches for the last occurence of the given argument
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic element
     * @return  int offset where the element was found or FALSE
     */
    public function lastIndexOf(Generic $element) {
      if ($this->__generic && !$element instanceof $this->__generic[0]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Element '.xp::stringOf($element).' must be of '.$this->__generic[0]);
      }

      for ($i= $this->size- 1; $i > -1; $i--) {
        if ($this->elements[$i]->equals($element)) return $i;
      }
      return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a string representation of this object
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function toString() {
      $r= $this->getClassName().'['.$this->size."]@{\n";
      for ($i= 0; $i < $this->size; $i++) {
        $r.= '  '.$i.': '.str_replace("\n", "\n  ", xp::stringOf($this->elements[$i]))."\n";
      } 
      return $r.'}';
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks if a specified object is equal to this object.
     *
     * @param   lang.Generic collection
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function equals($cmp) {
      if (!($cmp instanceof IList) || $this->size != $cmp->size) return FALSE;
      
      // Compare element by element
      for ($i= 0; $i < $this->size; $i++) {
        if ($this->elements[$i]->equals($cmp->elements[$i])) continue;
        return FALSE;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Comparator.class.php 10560 2007-06-07 18:28:48Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Comparator interface 
   *
   * @see      xp://util.Hashmap#usort
   * @see      php://usort
   * @purpose  A comparison function
   */
  interface Comparator {
  
    /**
     * Compares its two arguments for order. Returns a negative integer, 
     * zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, 
     * equal to, or greater than the second.
     *
     * @param   mixed a
     * @param   mixed b
     * @return  int
     */
    public function compare($a, $b);
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id:$
 */

  /**
   * Component is an interface for classes implementing the composite pattern.
   *
   * @see       xp://util.Visitor
   * @purpose   Interface
   */
  interface Component {

    /**
     * Takes a Visitor as argument and calls its 'visit()' method with the
     * instance of this object ($this) as argument
     *
     * @param   util.Visitor Visitor
     */
    public function accept($Visitor);

    /**
     * Adds the given component to the children
     *
     * @param   util.Component Component
     */
    public function addChild($Component);

    /**
     * Removes the given component from the children
     *
     * @param   util.Component Component
     */
    public function remChild($Component);

    /**
     * Returns an array with all children
     *
     * @return  util.Component[]
     */
    public function getChildren();

  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Configurable.class.php 10594 2007-06-11 10:04:54Z friebe $ 
 */

  /**
   * Denotes a class is configurable - that is, an util.Properties object
   * can be passed to its instance.
   *
   * @see      xp://util.Properties
   * @purpose  Interface
   */
  interface Configurable {
  
    /**
     * Configure
     *
     * @param   util.Properties properties
     * @return  bool
     */
    public function configure($properties);
  }
?>
<?php
/* This class is part of the XP framework
 *
 * $Id: Date.class.php 12005 2008-04-09 07:35:57Z kiesel $ 
 */

  uses('util.TimeZone');

  /**
   * The class Date represents a specific instant in time.
   *
   * @test     xp://net.xp_framework.unittest.util.DateTest
   * @purpose  Represent a date
   */
  class Date extends Object {
    protected
      $date     = NULL;
    
    const
      DEFAULT_FORMAT    = 'Y-m-d H:i:sO',
      SERIALIZE_FORMAT  = 'Y-m-d H:i:sO';

    /**
     * Constructor. Creates a new date object through either a
     * <ul>
     *   <li>integer - interpreted as timestamp</li>
     *   <li>string - parsed into a date</li>
     *   <li>php.DateTime object - will be used as is</li>
     *   <li>NULL - creates a date representing the current instance</li>
     *  </ul>
     *
     * Timezone assignment works through these rules:
     * . If the time is given as string and contains a parseable timezone identifier
     *   that one is used.
     * . If no timezone could be determined, the timezone given by the
     *   second parameter is used
     * . If no timezone has been given as second parameter, the system's default
     *   timezone is used.
     *
     * @param   mixed in default NULL either a string or a Unix timestamp or DateTime object, defaulting to now
     * @param   string timezone default NULL string of timezone
     * @throws  lang.IllegalArgumentException in case the date is unparseable
     */
    public function __construct($in= NULL, TimeZone $timezone= NULL) {
      if ($in instanceof DateTime) {
        $this->date= $in;
      } else if (is_numeric($in)) {
        
        // Specially mark timestamps for parsing (we assume here that strings
        // containing only digits are timestamps)
        $this->date= date_create('@'.$in, timezone_open('UTC'));
        date_timezone_set($this->date, $timezone ? $timezone->getHandle() : timezone_open(date_default_timezone_get()));
      } else if (FALSE === ($this->date= $timezone instanceof TimeZone
        ? date_create($in, $timezone->getHandle())
        : date_create($in)
      )) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          'Given argument is neither a timestamp nor a well-formed timestr